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一、常見錯(cuò)誤類型
1. 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的錯(cuò)誤是歷年考試的重點(diǎn)和熱點(diǎn)，常見謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞錯(cuò)誤類型有：
①一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)與一般過去時(shí)錯(cuò)用，如：They did not want me to do any work at home; they want me to devote all my time to my studies.（did 改為do）
②and 前后動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)不一致，如：As we climbed the mountain, we fed monkeys, visiting temples and told stories. （visiting 改為 visited）
③主謂不一致，如：One evening she told me that something happened when her parents was out. （was 改為were）
④缺少動(dòng)詞,特別是be動(dòng)詞，如：There will an important game next month. （will后加be）
⑤第三人稱單數(shù)形式錯(cuò)用
⑥主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)錯(cuò)用
2. 名詞的常見錯(cuò)誤：?jiǎn)螐?fù)數(shù)名詞錯(cuò)用，可數(shù)名詞與不可數(shù)名詞錯(cuò)用
I’ll get good marks in all my subject.(subject 改為subjects)Their word were a great encouragement to me.(word 改為words)Without enough knowledges, you can never teach well.(knowledges改為knowledge)
3. 連詞錯(cuò)誤：連詞包括關(guān)系代詞、副詞，并列連詞and/ or/but等。關(guān)于連詞，一般考查從句關(guān)（who/whom/whose/what/which/how/why/when/where/if/whether等。）
I have a good friend who’s name is Liu Mei. (錯(cuò)用了who的所有格形式，改為whose)
I teach them, play with them, but watch them growing up. (此處應(yīng)該是并列的關(guān)系而非轉(zhuǎn)折，but改為 and)
Clever as she is, but she works very hard.(as意為“盡管”，不能再跟but連用，所以去掉but)
4. 冠詞錯(cuò)誤：
（1）誤用a和an(根據(jù)單詞的第一個(gè)音素來判定)
（2）誤用a/an 和the(固定搭配，或泛指、特指；多冠詞或少冠詞)
We may be one family and live under a same roof. (a 改為the，the same 是固定搭配)
As everyone knows, it’s famous mountain with all kindsof pants. (mountain是可數(shù)名詞需用冠詞，所以其前加 a )
I hope you have pleasant journey.(journey是可數(shù)名詞，故have后加a)
5. 形容詞和副詞錯(cuò)誤：
（1）系動(dòng)詞后用形容詞(be/am/is/are/was/were/become/go/感官性動(dòng)詞 smell /feel)
（2）詞性的誤用(形容詞修飾名詞；副詞修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞)
I’m sure we’ll have a wonderfully time together. (time是名詞所以要用形容詞wonderful修飾)
My pronunciation was terribly.(was后用形容詞，terribly改為terrible.)
6. 代詞錯(cuò)誤：
（1）代詞的主格和賓格(I / me; he/him; she/ her; we/ us they/ them )錯(cuò)誤（2）反身代詞(myself/yourself/himself/herself/themselves/ourselves)使用錯(cuò)誤
（3）代詞的單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)使用錯(cuò)誤
（4）代詞指代錯(cuò)誤
（5）多代詞或少代詞
Soon I began to enjoy talking to myself on paper as I was learning to express me in simple English. (me 改為 myself )
One day I wrote a little story and showed to my teacher. (to前加it)
If any one of us had any difficulty in our life and study, the other would help him out. (other后加s)
What’s more, you have to be friends with your pupils and take good care of him. (him改為them)
7. 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的常見錯(cuò)誤：
（1）不定式、動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)時(shí)
（2）and 連接的不定式或動(dòng)名詞前后不一致(尤其距離較遠(yuǎn)時(shí))
（3）介詞后用動(dòng)名詞形式作賓語(yǔ);某些動(dòng)詞后要求接動(dòng)名詞或不定式
Soon I began to enjoy talk to myself on paper. (enjoy 后需接動(dòng)名詞，talk改為talking)
But his parents think go to college is more important than playing sports. (go作主語(yǔ),應(yīng)改為 going )
Children may not develop the habit of read and the ability to enjoy themselves. (介詞后用動(dòng)名詞形式作賓語(yǔ)，read改為reading)
I particularly enjoyed driving through the countryside with you and saw the changing colors of the leaves on the trees. (and 連接的不定式或動(dòng)名詞前后不一致，故saw改為seeing)
8. 介詞錯(cuò)誤：
（1）詞組中的介詞誤用
（2）介詞意思理解偏差
（3）介詞的多用或少用
There are too many people among my family. (among 改為in ，in my family 為固定搭配)
I was so tired that I fell asleep at the moment my head touched the pillow. (去掉 at, the moment 引導(dǎo)從句)
二、解題思路
1. 看句中各部分的結(jié)構(gòu)是否完整，特別是每個(gè)句子要有動(dòng)詞
2. 看謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)是否正確
3. 看非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的用法是否正確
4. 看名詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)，格的使用是否正確
5. 看定冠詞和不定冠詞是否正確
6. 看代詞的格和性的使用是否正確
7. 看定語(yǔ)從句中關(guān)系代詞、副詞是否準(zhǔn)確8. 看并列句中的并列連詞、主從復(fù)合句中的從屬連詞用得是否得當(dāng)
三、解題四原則
1. 改動(dòng)以最少為原則
2. 虛詞以添加或刪除為原則
3. 實(shí)詞以改變?cè)~形為原則
4. 以保持句子原意為原則
四、解題步驟
1. 通讀全文，掌握大意
2. 整句分析，逐行推敲
3. 反復(fù)通讀，復(fù)查驗(yàn)證
五、解題注意要點(diǎn)和能力培養(yǎng)
1. 核對(duì)錯(cuò)項(xiàng)時(shí)，若的確有一時(shí)難以改出的地方，可以參考所改動(dòng)項(xiàng)是否基本符合“1：1：8”的比例。即多詞1個(gè)，缺詞1個(gè)，錯(cuò)詞8個(gè)。
2. 核對(duì)改正的語(yǔ)法項(xiàng)目是否有重復(fù)。因?yàn)槎涛母腻e(cuò)往往覆蓋面廣，一般不會(huì)出現(xiàn)重復(fù)考查某個(gè)語(yǔ)法點(diǎn)的現(xiàn)象。
3. 核對(duì)答題符號(hào)是否規(guī)范，位置是否準(zhǔn)確，看看有無遺漏符號(hào)，忽略字母大小寫和拼寫等問題。