2011-2012學(xué)年高一英語必修1（冀教版）素材（含教案和練習(xí)）
Unit 3 Men and WomenDifferent Roles in Society（2）
一. 內(nèi)容：
Unit 3 （II）
語法講解：
直接引語和間接引語
引述或轉(zhuǎn)述別人的話稱為“引語”。直接引用別人的原話，兩邊用引號(hào)標(biāo)出，叫做直接引語；用自己的語言轉(zhuǎn)述別人的話，不需要引號(hào)叫做間接引語，實(shí)際上間接引語大都是賓語從句（其中由祈使句轉(zhuǎn)換的間接引語除外，其轉(zhuǎn)換后是不定式）。那么直接引語為陳述句、一般疑問句、特殊疑問句和祈使句，轉(zhuǎn)換為間接引語時(shí)，句子的結(jié)構(gòu)、人稱、時(shí)態(tài)、時(shí)間狀語和地點(diǎn)狀語等都要有變化，如何變化呢?
1. 人稱的轉(zhuǎn)變
（1）直接引語中的第一人稱，一般轉(zhuǎn)換為第三人稱，如：
He said，“I am very sorry.” →He said that he was very sorry.
（2）直接引語中的第二人稱，如果原話是針對(duì)轉(zhuǎn)述人說的，轉(zhuǎn)換為第一人稱，如：
“You should be more careful next time,” my father told me.→
My father told me that I should be more careful the next time.
（3）直接引語中的第二人稱，如果原話是針對(duì)第三人稱說的，轉(zhuǎn)換成第三人稱。如：
She said to her son, “I'll check your homework tonight.” →
She said to her son that she would check his homework that night.
（4）人稱的轉(zhuǎn)換包括人稱代詞、物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞等，如：
He asked me, “Will you go to the station with me to meet a friend of mine this afternoon?” →
He asked me whether I would go to the station with him to meet a friend of his that afternoon.
總之，人稱的轉(zhuǎn)換不是固定的，具體情況，具體對(duì)待，要符合邏輯。
2. 時(shí)態(tài)的轉(zhuǎn)換
直接引語改為間接引語時(shí)，主句中的謂語動(dòng)詞如果是過去時(shí)，從句（即間接引語部分）的謂語動(dòng)詞在時(shí)態(tài)方面要作相應(yīng)的變化，變成過去時(shí)范疇的各種時(shí)態(tài)（實(shí)際也是賓語從句的時(shí)態(tài)要求），變化如下：
直接引語 間接引語 直接引語 間接引語
一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) 一般過去時(shí) 一般過去時(shí) 過去完成時(shí)
現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí) 過去進(jìn)行時(shí) 過去完成時(shí) 過去完成時(shí)
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) 過去完成時(shí) 過去進(jìn)行時(shí) 過去進(jìn)行時(shí)
一般將來時(shí) 過去將來時(shí)
例如：
“I am very glad to visit your school”, she said. →
She said she was very glad to visit our school.
Tom said, “We are listening to the pop music.” →
Tom said that they were listening to the pop music.
Mother asked, “Have you finished your homework before you watch TV?” →
Mother asked me whether I had finished my homework before I watched TV.
He asked the conductor, “Where shall I get off to change to a No. 3 bus?” →
He asked the conductor where he would get off to change to a No. 3 bus.
“Why did she refuse to go there?” the teacher asked. →
The teacher asked why she had refused to go there.
Mother asked me, “Had you finished your homework before you watched TV?” →
Mother asked me whether I had finished my homework before I watched TV.
Tom said, “We were having a football match this time yesterday.” →
Tom said that they were having a football match that time the day before.
He said，“I haven't heard from my parents these days.” →
He said that he hadn't heard from his parents those days.
3. 直接引語變成間接引語時(shí)，從句時(shí)態(tài)無須改變的情況
（1）當(dāng)主句的謂語動(dòng)詞是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的時(shí)候，如：
He always says, “I am tired out.” →He always says that he is tired out.
（2）當(dāng)主句的謂語動(dòng)詞是將來時(shí)的時(shí)候，如：
He will say, “I’ll try my best to help you.” →He will say that he will try his best to help me.
（3）當(dāng)直接引語部分帶有具體的過去時(shí)間狀語時(shí)，如：
He said, “I went to college in 1994.” →He told us that he went to college in 1994.
（4）當(dāng)直接引語中有以when, while引導(dǎo)的從句，表示過去的時(shí)間時(shí)，如：
He said，“When I was a child, I usually played football after school.” →
He said that when he was a child, he usually played football after school.
（5）當(dāng)直接引語是客觀真理或自然現(xiàn)象時(shí)，如：
Our teacher said to us, “Light travels faster than sound.” →
Our teacher told us that light travels faster than sound.
（6）當(dāng)引語是諺語、格言時(shí)，如：
He said，“Practice makes perfect.” →He said that practice makes perfect.
（7）當(dāng)直接引語中有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞should, would, could, had better, would rather, might, must, ought to, used to, need時(shí)，如：
例如：
The doctor said, “You'd better drink plenty of water.” →
The doctor said I'd better drink plenty of water.
He said, “She must be a teacher.”→ He said that she must be a teacher.
He said, “She ought to have arrived her office by now.”→
He said that she ought to have arrived her office by then.
The teacher said, “You needn't hand in your compositions today.”→
The teacher said we needn't/didn't need to/didn't have to hand in our compositions.
She asked, “Must I take the medicine?”→ She asked if she had to take the medicine.
［注］：此處用had to代替must更好
（8）此外轉(zhuǎn)述中的變化要因?qū)嶋H情況而定，不能機(jī)械照搬，如果當(dāng)?shù)剞D(zhuǎn)述，here不必改為there, 動(dòng)詞come不必改為go，如果當(dāng)天轉(zhuǎn)述yesterday, tomorrow, this afternoon等均不必改變。如：
Teacher: You may have the ball game this afternoon.
Student : What did the teacher say, Monitor?
Monitor: He said we might have the ball game this afternoon.
4. 時(shí)間狀語、地點(diǎn)狀語及某些對(duì)比性的指示代詞和動(dòng)詞變化
（1）時(shí)間狀語：
直接引語 間接引語 直接引語 間接引語
now then tomorrow the next（following）day
today that day next week the next（following）week（month, year）
yesterday the day before two days ago two days before
last week （month, year） the week（month, year）before this week that week（month, year）
（2）指示代詞：these 變成those
（3）地點(diǎn)狀語：here變成there
She said, “I won't come here any more.”→ She said that she wouldn’t go there any more.
（4）動(dòng)詞：come變成go，bring變成take
5. 直接引語變成間接引語，句子結(jié)構(gòu)的變化
（1）陳述句。用連詞that引導(dǎo)，that在口語中常省略。主句的謂語動(dòng)詞可用直接引語中的said, 也可用told來代替，注意，可以說said that, said to sb. that, told sb. that，不可直接說told that, 如：
He said, “I have been to the Great Wall.” →He said to us that he had been to the Great Wall.
He said, “I'll give you an examination next Monday.”→
He told us that he would give us an examination the next Monday.（不可說told that）
此外主句中的謂語還常有：
repeat, whisper, answer, reply, explain, announce, declare, think等，又如：
He said，“I'm late because of the heavy traffic.”→ He explained to us that he was late because of the heavy traffic.
如果間接引語是由that引導(dǎo)的兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的并列從句，第一個(gè)連詞可以省略，以后的連詞一般不省略，以免混亂。
The doctor said, “You are not seriously ill, You will be better soon.”→
The doctor said（that）I was not seriously ill and that I would be better soon.
（2）直接引語為一般疑問句，（也稱是否疑問句，）間接引語用連詞whether或if引導(dǎo)，原主句中謂語動(dòng)詞said要改為asked（me/him/us等），語序是陳述句的語序，這一點(diǎn)非常重要。
He said, “Do you have any difficulty with pronunciation?”→
He asked（me）whether/if I had any difficulty with my pronunciation.
He said, “You are interested in English, aren't you?”→
He asked whether I was interested in English.
（3）直接引語為選擇疑問句，間接引語用whether…or…表達(dá)，而不用if…or…，也不用either…or…。如：
He asked, “Do you speak English or French?”→
He asked me whether I spoke English or French.
I asked, “Will you take bus or take train?”→
I asked him whether he would take bus or take train.
（4）直接引語為特殊疑問句，改成間接引語時(shí)，原來的疑問詞作為間接引語的連詞，主句的謂語動(dòng)詞用ask（sb.）來表達(dá)，語序改為陳述句語序。如：
He asked，“What's your name?”→ He asked（me）what my name was.
He asked us, “How many car factories have been built in your country?”→
He asked us how many car factories had been built in our country.
（5）直接引語為祈使句時(shí)，改為間接引語，用帶to的不定式表達(dá)，謂語動(dòng)詞常是ask, advise, tell, warn, order, request等。如ask sb. to do，（由肯定祈使句變成）ask sb. not to do（由否定祈使句轉(zhuǎn)變），并且在不定式短語中的時(shí)間狀語、地點(diǎn)狀語、人稱及時(shí)態(tài)都作相應(yīng)的變化。如：
He said，“Be seated, please.”→ He asked us to be seated.
“Do be careful with your handwriting.” He said. →
He told me to be careful with my handwriting.
“Never come here again!” said the officer nearby. →
The officer ordered the villagers never to go there again.
“Don't touch anything in the lab without permission,” the teacher said. →
The teacher warned the students not to touch anything in the lab without permission.
（6）有些含有“建議”→、“勸告”→的祈使句，可用suggest, insist, offer等動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)述，如：
He said, “Let's have a rest.”→ He suggested our having a rest.
He said, “Let me help you.”→ He offered to help me.
（7）當(dāng)直接引語形式上是疑問句，有表示請(qǐng)求，建議意義時(shí)，可用ask sb. to do sth. /suggest doing/advise sb. to do sth. 等形式轉(zhuǎn)述。如：
“Would you mind opening the door?” he asked. →He asked me to open the door.
“Why not going out for a walk?” he asked us. →
He advised us to go out for a walk. 或He suggested we go out for a walk.
（8）直接引語是感嘆句時(shí)，變間接引語可用what或how引導(dǎo)，也可用that引導(dǎo)，如：
She said, “What a lovely day it is!”→ She said what a lovely day it was. 或She said that it was a lovely day.
【模擬試題】（答題時(shí)間：60分鐘）
一、閱讀理解
閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)（A、B、C和D）中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。
A
My neighbor’s 8-year-old daughter used to stay in the countryside, her native place. Recently her parents brought her to town to live with them. Rude and wild, she would swear or use impolite words when she was displeased. Sometimes she went so far to roll on the ground, to the disgust of all people around. Her parents tried to tame her by beating and kicking, only to result in more violent performance. Finally they became thoroughly disappointed of her.
One day their next-door neighbor, a retired woman teacher, gave the girl a snow-white dress, which was very beautiful. It immediately aroused sparks in her eyes and made them shine brilliantly. The girl put on the dress and became quite another person. She no longer said rude words or hit others, even less rolled on the floor. She knew running wild was beneath her in such a beautiful dress. Since then the girl has been gentle, neat and lovely.
The story set me thinking a lot. Maybe everybody has a beautiful dress hidden somewhere in his or her heart. Only some people aren’t aware of it, forget it or lose it. Beauty is also a powerful force. It can arise fine qualities that humans are born with but have so far unrevealed. It has soul-shaking influence that is indeed unparalleled.
1. We can learn from the first paragraph that _______________.
A. the girl was pleased to swear and use rude words
B. not all the people around disliked her
C. the girl became polite after being beating and kicking
D. the girl was hard to tame
2. The text is mainly written to explain _____________.
A. beating and kicking is not everything
B. everyone can be educated
C. everybody dreams of having a beautiful dress
D. beauty is powerful and effective
3. What might be the most suitable title for the text?
A. Retired Woman Teacher B. A Naughty Girl
C. A Beautiful Dress D. A Moving Story
B
The Americans divided their holidays into two different systems. In the first system are the official government holidays. Most of these are fixed to the nearest Monday to provide a three-day weekends for office staffs.
The three summer holidays?Memorial Day, the Fourth of July(Independence Day) and Labour Day?are legal outdoor barbecues (烤肉野餐). All across the country home members dust off their Weber grill (烤架), open packs or hot dogs for the children and take out chicken, steak or ribs for the adults.
The population at large also observes a dozen or more unofficial holidays. St. Patrick’s Day turns everybody in the United States into honorary Irishmen and women. Everything turns green. Bars serve green beer, bakeries produce green bread, Chicago goes the extra mile and dyes the river green.
New Year’s Eve celebrations on the East Coast center around television events from Times
Square, New York, the official organization announces when the New Year arrives. But since the United States covers five time zones, the New Year jumps across the country in one-hour jumps, and by the time Hawaii strikes its clock for the New Year, the rest of the country is fast asleep.
4. Why do most of the first system holidays are fixed to nearest Monday?
A. Because most of the them are official government holidays.
B. Because the large population of them are unofficial holidays.
C. In order to provide a longer holiday for office staffs.
D. In order to provide weekends for office staffs.
5. Which of the following does NOT belong to official government holidays?
A. St. Patrick’s Day B. The Fourth of July
C. Labour Day D. Memorial Day
6. According to the passage, which of the following statement is true?
A. On outdoor barbecues, providing packs of hot dogs for the children and adults.
B. On St. Patrick’s Day, everything turns or dyes green, including beer bread and river.
C. The New Year is celebrated at the same time in USA.
D. By the time Hawaii strikes its clock, it means that the New Year is coming in USA.
C
In the past, people who graduated from college felt proud of their academic achievement and believe that their degree would help them to find a good job.
However, in the past four years the job market has changed dramatically. This year’s college graduates are facing one of the worst job markets in years. For example, Ryan Stewart, a graduate of San Jose State University, got a degree in religious studies, but he has not gotten any job offers. He points out that many people already working are getting laid off and don’t have jobs, so it’s even harder for new college graduates to find jobs.
Four years ago, the future looked bright for the class of 2003. There were many high-tech (“dot com”) job opportunities, graduates received many job offers, and they were able to get jobs with high salaries and benefits such as insurance and paid vacations. However, “Times have changed. It’s a new market,” according to Cheryl Allmen-Vinnidge of the San Jose State Career Center.
Allmen-Vinnidge says students who do find jobs started preparing two years ago. They worked during summer vacations, they have had several internships, and they majored in fields that are still paying well, such as accounting or nursing.
Even teaching is not a secure profession now. Ryan Stewart wanted to be a teacher, but instead he will probably go back to school in order to become a college teacher. He thinks college teaching could be a good career even in a bad economy.
In conclusion, these days a college degree does not automatically lead to a good job with a high salary. Some students can only hope that the value of their degree will increase in the future.
7. This story mentions college graduates at ________________
A. San Jose State Career Center. B. San Jose Community College.
C. San Jose State University. D. San Jose Polytechnic High School.
8. The main idea of this story is that ________________
A. Ryan Stewart has not been able to find a job.
B. a college career center is a crossroads between college and the real world.
C. in some fields, salaries have increased in the past year.
D. between 1999 and 2003, the job market changed dramatically.
9. Which of the following things did not happen in the four years that the class of 2003 was in college?
A. Dot com opportunities decreased.
B. The number of teaching jobs increased.
C. Salaries in chemical engineering increased.
D. The number of jobs with benefits decreased.
10. Which of the following majors has the best job prospects, according to the story?
A. Information systems management.
B. Accounting.
C. Computer science.
D. Teaching.
D
Steve Nash scored seven of his 39 points in overtime(加時(shí)賽) after hitting a game-tying three-pointer in regulation, and the Phoenix Suns earned their first trip to the Western Conference finals in 12 years with a thrilling（激動(dòng)人心的） 130-126 victory over Dallas on Friday. Phoenix won two straight games to take this series 4-2 and set up a meeting with the San Antonio Spurs beginning Sunday. It will be the Suns' first appearance in the conference finals since their NBA Finals season in 1993. Nash continues to back up his MVP status(最有價(jià)值球員) with memorable games. In addition to his 39 points, he grabbed(抓住) nine rebounds and handed out 12 assists -- continually setting up his teammates for clutch field goals at key moments in the game. His leaning three-pointer with 5.7 seconds left in regulation tied the game and quieted an American Airlines Center crowd that used to cheer for him when he played for the Mavericks.
11. According to the news, which of the following statements is true?
A. It was the first time that The Phoenix Suns had gotten to the Western Conference finals.
B. Steve Nash played an important role in the Phoenix Suns’ earning their trip to the Western Conference finals.
C. The Phoenix Suns will defeat the San Antonio Spurs.
D. Nash just played for The Phoenix Suns.
12. What does the underlined part “back up” mean?
A. go backward B. block C. support D. change
E
A technology for finding Web sites by typing words into the address bar of a browser(瀏覽) is coming out in South Korea after failing in the United States, and could make the Internet more accessible(可用的) for non-English speakers.
The technology is the work of a company called Netpia that aims to cut out search engines. It already works for hundreds of thousands of Korean-language addresses recognized by Netpia’s database（數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)）, and the company is testing it in another 95 languages.
Web site operators have to register key words with Netpia, for a fee, to make the service work.
“Two-thirds of the world use non-English language and if this technology is adopted（采用）, it will make it much easier to find a Web site and thus boost（增強(qiáng)，提高） cyber transactions and accessibility to Web information,” Lee Pan-jung, chief executive at Netpia, said in a recent interview.
“People feel more comfortable with their mother language and this technology is a very useful tool to spur（激勵(lì)，策動(dòng)）the use of the Internet as it appeals（引起興趣） even to children and elderly people with no knowledge of English.”
A U.S. company called Realnames had offered a similar keyword addressing service and once tried to take over Netpia. But the deal failed and Realnames stopped operations last year after Microsoft Corp. ended a partnership that made the service work with its Explorer browser.
Some analysts are pessimistic（悲觀的） about whether it can compete with search engines such as Google, which is available in some 90 languages.
“I don’t expect many to register additional addresses. Only some corporate（社團(tuán)的 公司的） clients （顧客）are likely to do so,” said Park Jong-min, an analyst at Samsung Securities.
“People are likely to prefer running search engines than trying keyword address in the first place when they are not sure whether such addresses exist or not.”
13. The new technology can make computer users________.
A. find web sites by search engines
B. find web sites by typing their native languages into the address bar of browser
C. create their own websites easier
D. run their computers much faster
14. If you want to use this new technology, you _______.
A. can get the service for free
B. must go to Netpia’s database
C. mustn’t use search engines, especially Google
D. must pay for the service
15. According to the passage which of the following statements is NOT true?
A. A U.S company?Realnames once worked with Microsoft Corp.
B. The new technology will even make the elder people with no knowledge of English interested in the internet.
C. Many people including the author are pessimistic about the new technology.
D. It’s not clear whether the new technology will take the place of search engine.
16. The best title of the passage should be________.
A. non-English search tool takes the web world wider
B. more and more people begin to use non-English search tool
C. non-English search tool takes the place of search engines
D. Netpia defeats Realnames
F
It is clear that women's roles have changed greatly in recent years. Women have lost some of the control over small children that they formerly enjoyed as the “primary teacher”, for they are now competing with school teachers and the TV set, among other forces. Women have also suffered a loss in their traditional economic role. The food crops women once produced have been replaced with imported（進(jìn)口的） food in many parts of Micronesia today. Locally grown, breadfruit and bananas have been replaced by rice, bread, and other foreign-bought foodstuffs（食品）.
Men, of course, have suffered a similar fate. In fact, when the moderator（仲裁） called for a vote on whether male or female roles had changed more in recent years, most felt that men had suffered even greater changes than women. Men, for instance, are not required to go fishing as often as they once did since the store offers a selection of frozen and canned protein items from abroad. They too seem to have found their teaching roles weakened.
The difference, as one participant put it, is this. If men's traditional roles have eroded(受侵蝕) over time, new roles have taken the place of the old. When women's roles were lost in the course of change, however, they were never replaced. Women, who were once seen as contributors（貢獻(xiàn)者） to their society on a par（同等） with men, are now becoming ever more economically ignored. They are seen primarily as housewives dependent upon male bread-winners, in the words of one person. Men have been generally given access(通道) to new roles in the modern society, while women have not.
17. What’s the main idea of this passage?
A. Men’s role in society.
B. Women’s role in society.
C. The difference between the chances of men’s role in society and women’s.
D. Men and women should be on a par
18. What’s the meaning of the underlined word “put it” in the 3rd paragraph?
A. say B. lay C. correct D. brake
19. We can learn from the passage that _________
A. women love their own children so much that they can not work as teachers.
B. in many parts of Micronesia people today mainly live on Locally grown breadfruit and bananas.
C. as contributors to society, women were never treated equal(平等).
D. when traditional roles’ change take place, men are much easier to get new ones.
20. The writer gives an example that men are not required to go fishing as often as they did before to support the idea that______
A. It’s clear that women’s roles have greatly increased in recent years
B. It’s clear that men’s roles have changed much more
C. It’s clear that men’s roles have been weakened much more
D. Men’s contribution to society have been weakened
二、寫作
第一節(jié)：短文改錯(cuò) （共10小題；每小題1分，滿分10分）
Good morning! Tonight the main news is about the
bad weather we had. Storms were reported in all part 21. ____________
of the country. In the north many roads were closed because 22. ____________
high winds. Main roads near Glasgow are blocked 23. ____________
by trees. In south too, heavy rains and storms were 24. ____________
reported. Near Dover fifty houses were flooded but 25. ____________
last night a lorry(貨車)was blown over by the wind. In the east 26. ____________
a few of areas were flooded. Many small boats 27. ____________
missing and this morning only one boat was found on the land 28. ____________
two miles away the river. Things are also bad in the west. Two villages29._____________
were flooded by the river. Four peoples nearly 30. ____________
drowned(淹死，溺死)in the flood. No storms are expected tomorrow.
第二節(jié) 書面表達(dá)
在日常生活中，因特網(wǎng)起著越來越重要的作用。請(qǐng)根據(jù)下表所給提示為英文報(bào)寫一篇題為“On the Internet”的征文稿。
因特網(wǎng)的重要用途：
信息看國(guó)內(nèi)外新聞，獲取其他信息。
通訊發(fā)e-mail，打電話。
學(xué)習(xí)網(wǎng)上學(xué)校，閱讀各種書籍，自學(xué)外語。
娛樂欣賞音樂，觀看體育比賽，棋牌游戲。
生活購(gòu)物，聊天。
注意：
1. 征文稿必須包括表內(nèi)所有信息，行文連貫通順。
2.詞數(shù)為100詞左右。
【試題答案】
一、1?5 DDCCA 6?10 BCDCB
11. B。文章主要敘述納什在比賽中的突出表現(xiàn)，從籃板助攻及得分的數(shù)據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì)上可看出其在太陽隊(duì)中的中心作用。
12. C
13. B。文章第一段
14. D。文章第三段
15. C。一些專家們對(duì)新技術(shù)持低調(diào)悲觀態(tài)度，而作者是用客觀的語氣來敘述，沒有夾雜自己的觀點(diǎn)。
16. A。新技術(shù)的出現(xiàn)可以滿足多種語言的網(wǎng)絡(luò)應(yīng)用，會(huì)吸引很多不會(huì)英文的甚至老人孩子，可見其拓寬了網(wǎng)絡(luò)的使用。
17. C。綜合全文，男性和女性在社會(huì)發(fā)展中作用及角色都發(fā)生變化，但變化不同，尤其最后一段明確的表述了這一區(qū)別。
18. A
19. D。最后一段，尤其最后兩句話
20. B。第二段第二句。
二、第一節(jié)
21. part→ parts
22. because 后加of
23. are→ were
24. in 后加the
25. but →and
26. √
27. 去掉of
28. missing →missed
29. are →were
30. peoples →people
第二節(jié) 書面表達(dá)：
On the Internet
The Internet is playing a more and more important part in our daily life. On the Internet, we can learn news both at home and abroad and all kinds of other information as well. We can also send messages by e-mail, make phone calls, go to net school, read various kinds of books and learn foreign languages by ourselves. Besides, we can enjoy music, watch sports matches and play chess or cards. On the Internet, we can even do shopping, have a chat with others and make friends with them. In a word, the Internet has made our life more colorful.
本文來自：逍遙右腦記憶 http://douzifanli.com/gaoyi/79905.html
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