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Unit4 Earthquakes-Grammar教案
1．Teaching objectives
Learn to use direct speech and indirect speech
2. Teaching important point
Summarize the rules of Direct Speech and Indirect Speech.
3. Teaching difficult point
Learn about the special cases in which the tenses shouldn’t be changed.
4. Teaching methods
Discussing, summarizing and practicing.
5. Teaching procedures
Step1 Lead in
T: In the last lesson, we learned Anne Frank’s story. She is telling her stories to two of her friends—you and Tom. Tom has something wrong with his ears, so you have to repeat Anne’s sentences, using indirect speech. Sometimes you explain Tom’s sentences to Anne.
“I have to stay in the hiding place.” said Anne. →
Anne said she had to stay in the hiding place.
“Do you feel sad when you are not able to go outdoors?” Tom asked Anne. →
Tom asked Anne if/whether she felt sad when she was not able to go outdoors.
“I don’t want to set down a series of facts in a diary,” said Anne.→
Anne said that she didn’t want to set down a series of facts in a diary.
“What do you call your diary?” Tom asked. →
Tom asked what she called her diary.
Ss go on this topic by themselves.
Step2 Grammar
T: Now let’s look at these sentences again. If we want to change Direct Speech into Indirect Speech, what should be changed?
Ss discuss by themselves.
Ss: sentence structures, tenses, pronouns, adverbials of time and place and verbs should be changed.
T: Quite right. Look at the form on the screen. These are the rules.
直接引語(yǔ)變成間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，要注意以下幾點(diǎn)：人稱變化、時(shí)態(tài)變化、賓語(yǔ)從句要用陳述句語(yǔ)序。
1.直接引語(yǔ)是陳述句，變成間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，由連詞that 引導(dǎo)。例如：
　　She said, "I am very happy to help you."→
　　She said that she was very happy to help you.
2. 直接引語(yǔ)是一般/選擇疑問句，變成間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，由連詞whether或if 引導(dǎo)。例如：
　　He asked me, "Do you like playing football?"→
　　He asked me if/whether I liked playing football.
注意：大多數(shù)情況下，if和whether 可以互換，但后有or not,或在動(dòng)詞不定式前，或放在介詞后作連接詞時(shí)，一般只用whether。例如：
　　She asked me whether he could do it or not.
　　
3. 直接引語(yǔ)是特殊疑問句，變成間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，由相應(yīng)的疑問詞who, whom, whose, how, when, why, where 等引導(dǎo)。例如：
　　My sister asked me, "How do you like the film?"→
　　My sister asked me how I liked the film.
4. 直接引語(yǔ)是祈使句，變成間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，把動(dòng)詞原形變成動(dòng)詞不定式，并在動(dòng)詞不定式前加tell, ask, order 等的賓語(yǔ)。例如：
　　The captain ordered, "Be quiet."→
　　The captain ordered us to be quiet.
　　注意：此種情況的否定句，在動(dòng)詞不定式前加not。
　　My teacher asked me, "Don't laugh."→
　　My teacher asked me not to laugh.
5. 一些注意事項(xiàng)
(1)間接引語(yǔ)一般要用陳述句的語(yǔ)序，即主、謂、賓的順序。例如：
　　He asked Lucy, "Where did you go?"→
　　He asked Lucy where she went.
　　Tom said, "What do you want, Ann?"→
　　Tom asked Ann what she wanted.
(2)直接引語(yǔ)是客觀事實(shí)、普遍真理等，變成間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，時(shí)態(tài)不變。例如：
　　They told their son, "The earth goes round the sun."→
　　They told their son that the earth goes round the sun.
(3)直接引語(yǔ)變間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)， 指示代詞、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)、地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)等要作相應(yīng)的變化。例如：
　　He said, "I haven't seen her today."→
　　He said that he hadn't seen her that day.
注意：如果轉(zhuǎn)述時(shí)就在原來的地方，就在說話的當(dāng)天，就不必改變指示代詞、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)、地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)等。
Direct Speech Indirect Speech
Present past
Past past and past perfect
Present perfect past perfect
Past perfect past perfect
Present continuous past continuous
Step3 practice
T: Turn to Page 5. Please change the following direct speech into indirect speech and indirect into direct.
1.“I’m going to hide from the Germans,” Anne said.
2.“I don’t know the address of my new home,” said Anne.
3.“I cannot ask my father because it is not safe to know,” she said.
4.“I had to pack up my things very quickly,” the girl said.
5.“Why did you choose your diary and old letters?” Dad asked her.
6.Mum asked her if/whether she was very hot with so many clothes on.
7.Margot asked her what else she had got.
8.Anne asked her father when they would go back home.
9.Anne asked her sister how she could see her friends.
10.Mother asked Anne why she had gone to bed so late the night before.
Step4 Correcting mistakes
T analyses the common mistakes Ss have made during the practice.
T: Now let’s look at the screen and pay attention to these sentences. Choose the right sentence and tell me why the other one is wrong.
Step5 A game
Play a guessing game “who is my secret friend?” One student comes to the front with his partner.
The rest students ask him questions while his partner changes them into indirect speech. In the end, the person who has guessed the right answer can come to the front to take the place of the first student .So the game goes on.
Suggested sentences:
Can your friend speak?
What does he/she wear today?
Is he/she tall or short?
What do you and your friend do in your free time?
Do you quarrel with each other?...
Step6 Homework
Do Exercise1 on Page 42. Here is another page of Anne’s diary. Read it through and then use indirect speech to retell the story.


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