命題特點(diǎn)
考點(diǎn)點(diǎn)擊：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞主要用來(lái)表示說(shuō)話人的看法、態(tài)度等，它是英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞中最難把握的一類，也是每年高考必考內(nèi)容。
命題熱點(diǎn)：為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的基本用法辨析，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表示態(tài)度的用法辨析，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表示推測(cè)的用法辨析，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞在虛擬語(yǔ)氣中的運(yùn)用。
考查形式：主要體現(xiàn)在聽力理解、單項(xiàng)填空和完形填空中。下面就近幾年來(lái)中出現(xiàn)的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的考點(diǎn)進(jìn)行歸納分析，以便同學(xué)們復(fù)習(xí)掌握。
典例精析
一、考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的基本用法
一些常見情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的非常用意義往往為高考考查的焦點(diǎn)，考生須確切理解其含義并根據(jù)句子意思選擇正確的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。
例1：“The interest ______be divided into five parts, according to the agreement made by
both sides.” declared the judge. （2014重慶）
A. may B. should C. must D. shall
例2：— The room is so dirty. ______ we clean it?
— Of course. （2003北京春）
A. Will B. Shall C. Would D. Do
分析：上述兩題均考查 shall的非常用含義，當(dāng)shall用于一、三人稱疑問(wèn)句中時(shí)，表示征求對(duì)方意見；用于二、三人稱陳述句中，表示說(shuō)話人給對(duì)方的命令、警告、允諾或威脅等。上述三題答案分別為D、B。
例3：He’s strange -- he ____ sit for hours without saying anything.
A. shall B. will C. can D. must
分析：will用來(lái)談習(xí)慣和特性，尤其是不受時(shí)限必然發(fā)生的情況。本句意思為“他很怪，能一坐幾個(gè)小時(shí)一句話也不說(shuō)”。答案為B。
例4：John, look at the time. _______ you play the piano at such a late hour？（2014全國(guó)Ⅲ）
A. Must B. Can C. May D. Need
例5：Tom, you_____leave all your clothes on the floor like this�。�2014全國(guó)II）
A. wouldn’t B. mustn’t C. needn’t D. may not
分析：must用于疑問(wèn)句，表示責(zé)備、抱怨的感情色彩，意思為“偏要，硬要、干嘛”；而mustn’t則表示禁止、不允許，是說(shuō)話人強(qiáng)有力的勸告。故答案分別為A、B。
例6：You can’t imagine that a well-behaved gentleman _____ be so rude to a lady. (2001上海)
A. might B. need C. should D. would
分析：在某些名詞性從句中，should 表示驚異、意外等情緒，常譯為“竟然”。答案分別為C。如：It seems unfair that this should happen to me. 真不公平，這件事竟然發(fā)生在我身上。
例7：_____it rain tomorrow, the meeting would be put off.
A. Should B. Would C. Could D. Must
分析：在條件狀語(yǔ)從句中，should 表示“萬(wàn)一”，即可表示不能實(shí)現(xiàn)的假設(shè)，又可表示可以實(shí)現(xiàn)的假設(shè)。該句意思為“萬(wàn)一明天下雨，會(huì)議就延期�！贝鸢笧锳。
例8：A left-luggage office is a place where bags ____ be left for a short time, especially at a railway station. （2003全國(guó)卷）
A. should B. can C. must D. will
例9：The World Wide Web is sometimes jokingly called the World Wide Wait because it ______be very slow. （2014浙江）
A. should B. must C. will D. can
分析：can 表示推測(cè)時(shí)常用于疑問(wèn)和否定句中，用于肯定句中常常表示理論上的可能性，用來(lái)表達(dá)事件或情況可能發(fā)生（但并不牽涉到是否真的會(huì)發(fā)生）。故答案分別為B、D。
二、考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的推測(cè)用法
1、對(duì)現(xiàn)在或客觀事實(shí)的推測(cè)
對(duì)現(xiàn)在或客觀事實(shí)的肯定推測(cè)一般用must, will, should, may（might）或could，語(yǔ)氣依次遞減。
例10：Helen _____go on the trip with us but she isn’t quite sure yet. （2014安徽）
A. shall B. must C. may D. can
例11：—I’ve taken someone else’s green sweater by mistake.
—It ___ Harry’s. He always wears green. （2014廣東）
A. has to be B. will be C. mustn’t be D. could be
例12：That, I think, ____ be all that I want to say.
A. can B. could C. will D. ought to
分析：must的語(yǔ)氣最強(qiáng)，譯為“肯定”、“準(zhǔn)是”、“想必是”；should的語(yǔ)氣次之，譯為“很可能”、“應(yīng)該”，指按常理推測(cè)；may（might）譯為“也許、大概”，表示把握不大的推斷，后面常跟but。could的語(yǔ)氣最弱，譯為“也許”、“可能”。答案分別為C、D、C。
對(duì)現(xiàn)在或客觀事實(shí)的否定推測(cè)，常用cannot譯為“根本不可能”、“想必不會(huì)”，表示推測(cè)的語(yǔ)氣非�？隙�, may not, might not或could not譯為“可能不”、“也許不”，表示推測(cè)的語(yǔ)氣不很肯定。
例13：You might just as well tell the manufacturer that male customers ______ not like the design of the furniture.（2014上海春）
A. must B. shall C. may D. need
例14：--Isn’t that Ann’s husband over there?
--No, it _______ be him ---I’m sure he doesn’t wear glasses. （2014全國(guó)Ⅰ）
A. can’t B. must not C. won’t D. may not
分析：在例13中，might just as well表示“最好……，還是……為好”，說(shuō)明喜歡的可能性不大，故用may not。例14，根據(jù)后面的I’m sure可以看出，推測(cè)的語(yǔ)氣較強(qiáng)，故用can’t譯為“根本不可能”、“想必不會(huì)”，表示驚異、懷疑的感情色彩，常用于否定語(yǔ)氣較強(qiáng)時(shí)。答案分別為C、A。
對(duì)現(xiàn)在或客觀事實(shí)的疑問(wèn)推測(cè)，往往用can或could，而不用may/might。
例15：Mr. Bush is on time for everything. How ______ it be that he was late for the opening ceremony？（2001上海春）
A. can B. should C. may D. must
分析：對(duì)現(xiàn)在或客觀事實(shí)的疑問(wèn)推測(cè)，往往用can或could，表示驚異、懷疑、困惑、失望等感情色彩。答案為A。
2、對(duì)過(guò)去事實(shí)的推測(cè)
對(duì)過(guò)去已發(fā)生事情的肯定推測(cè)常用 “must/may/might +have + v-ed”，“must+ have + v-ed”意思為“想必、準(zhǔn)是、一定是”，語(yǔ)氣非�？隙ㄇ抑荒苡糜诳隙ň洌癿ay/might+ have + v-ed” 意思為“也許、或許”表示推測(cè)的把握不大，只能用于肯定或否定句，不用于疑問(wèn)句；對(duì)過(guò)去的否定推測(cè)常用 “can/could /may’might not + have + v-ed”，意思為“不可能/可能沒(méi)做過(guò)……”；對(duì)過(guò)去的疑問(wèn)推測(cè)只用“can/could + have + v-ed”，意思為“可能已經(jīng)……”。
例16：He _______ have completed his work; otherwise, he wouldn’t be enjoying himself by seaside. （2014北京）
A. should B. must C. wouldn’t D. can’t
分析：根據(jù)后一分句判斷，前一分句應(yīng)該表示肯定完成了工作，故用“must+ have + v-ed”意思為“想必、準(zhǔn)是、一定是”，語(yǔ)氣非常肯定且只能用于肯定句。答案為B。
例17：My sister met him at the Grand Theatre yesterday afternoon, so he _____ your lecture.（2000上海）
A. couldn’t have attended B. needn’t have attended
C. mustn’t have attended D. shouldn’t have attended
分析：must表推測(cè)時(shí)，不用于否定，needn’t have +v-ed 表示“本來(lái)沒(méi)有必要”，shouldn’t have +v-ed表示“本來(lái)不應(yīng)該”，“can/could not + have + v-ed” 意思為“不可能做過(guò)……”。故答案為A。
例18：--Do you know where David is? I couldn’t find him anywhere.
-- Well. He ______ have gone far----his coat’s still here.（2014湖北）
A. shouldn’t B. mustn’t C. can’t D. wouldn’t
分析：can’t have gone far 在此表示現(xiàn)在對(duì)過(guò)去所發(fā)生事情的否定推測(cè)，意思為“現(xiàn)在不可能走遠(yuǎn)了”；答案為C。
三、考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的虛擬用法
例19：—I’ll tell Mary about her new job tomorrow.
--You________ her last week. （2014福建）
A. ought to tell B. would have told C. must tell D. should have told
分析：對(duì)過(guò)去發(fā)生事情的責(zé)備或遺憾應(yīng)用“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+have + v-ed”，據(jù)此可排除答案A、C，而would+have +v-ed常用于過(guò)去的虛擬語(yǔ)氣中，should（ought to）+ have + v-ed”表示本應(yīng)該做某事而實(shí)際上沒(méi)有做，含有責(zé)備的含義。其否定式表示某種行為不該發(fā)生但卻發(fā)生了。故答案為D。
例20：He paid for a seat, when he ______ have entered free. （2014山東）
A. could B. would C. must D. need
分析：“could+ have + v-ed” 用于肯定句中，表示本來(lái)能夠做成某事的但結(jié)果沒(méi)能做成，含有遺憾的意味，側(cè)重有能力而沒(méi)能做成。該句意思為：“他花錢買了座位，而他本來(lái)可以免費(fèi)進(jìn)去的”。答案為A。
例21：You should not have swum in that river. You ____ have been eaten by fish.
A. must B. may C. will D. might
分析：前一分句的should not have swum表示責(zé)備，后一分句則表明有被魚吃掉的可能性�！癿ight+ have + v-ed” 用于肯定句中，表示本來(lái)有可能做成某事但結(jié)果沒(méi)能做成，含有遺憾的意味，側(cè)重有某種可能性但沒(méi)能做成。
例22：—Catherine, I have cleaned the room for you.
—Thanks. You ______ it. I could manage it myself. （2014福建）
A. needn’t do B. needn’t have done C. mustn’t do D. shouldn’t have done
分析：“needn’t+ have + v-ed” 表示本來(lái)不必做某事而實(shí)際上做了某事，無(wú)批評(píng)責(zé)備之意，只是惋惜而已。如You needn’t have watered the flowers, for it is going to rain.你本不需要澆花的，因?yàn)樘炀鸵掠炅恕４鸢笧锽。
備考建議
掌握情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的基本詞義及其用法是把握情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的關(guān)鍵，同時(shí)要認(rèn)真比較每個(gè)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法，注意其細(xì)微差別，如shall, can, must, should, will的用法差異；熟悉每個(gè)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的適用場(chǎng)合，根據(jù)語(yǔ)境及說(shuō)話人的語(yǔ)氣選擇恰當(dāng)?shù)那閼B(tài)動(dòng)詞，如用于推測(cè)時(shí)，must只用于肯定句中，can一般不能用于肯定句中。may/might不能用于疑問(wèn)句中；牢記情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表示推測(cè)的用法，尤其是對(duì)過(guò)去發(fā)生情況的推測(cè)；積累虛擬語(yǔ)氣的用法，尤其是一些句勢(shì)和特殊情況。
2014年展望
隨著高考命題改革的深入，命題的角度和思路都在翻新，但不管怎樣變化，還是脫離不了詞的基本詞義、詞與詞在使用上的細(xì)微差別和基本的語(yǔ)法框架。通過(guò)對(duì)近幾年高考情態(tài)動(dòng)詞考點(diǎn)的分析、探究，可以看出高考對(duì)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的考查非常穩(wěn)定，即情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的基本用法和推測(cè)用法。高考考點(diǎn)的 “穩(wěn)定性”告訴我們：高考英語(yǔ)命題是有規(guī)律的，不僅有規(guī)律，而且有很強(qiáng)的規(guī)律性。在復(fù)習(xí)迎考過(guò)程中，不僅要認(rèn)真準(zhǔn)備書本上成百上千的知識(shí)點(diǎn)(這是基礎(chǔ))，但更重要的還要去研究歷屆中的重要考點(diǎn)(這是捷徑)，提高復(fù)習(xí)效率。
情態(tài)動(dòng)詞考點(diǎn)透視
練兵場(chǎng)
1. Has it been warned that all the children in this area ____ stay at their homes until the Bird Flu has been controlled?
A. can B. willl C. may D. shall
2. I told Sally how to get here, but perhaps I ____ for her.
A. had to write it out B. must have written it out
C. should have written it out D. ought to write it out
3. Jack _____ yet, otherwise he would have telephoned me.
A. mustn’t have arrived B. shouldn’t have arrived
C. can’t have arrived D. needn’t have arrived
4. Sir, you ______be sitting in this waiting room. It is for women and children only.
A. mustn’t B. can’t C. won’t D. needn’t
5. The driver has drunk too much wine and dangerous things _____ happen at any time.
A. should B. can C. must D. need
6. — Is John coming by train?
— He should, but he _____ not. He likes driving his car.
A. must B. can C. need D. may
7. It has been announced that candidates _______ remain in their seats until all the papers have
been collected.
A. can B. will C. may D. shall
8. Why did you throw the bottle out of the window? You ____ somebody.
A. might hurt B. could have hurt C. would hurt D. must have hurt
9. —Don’t forget to come to my birthday party tomorrow.
—_______.
A. I don’t B. I won’t C. I can’t D. I haven’t
10. I didn’t see her in the meeting-room this morning. She ______ at the meeting.
A. mustn’t have spoken B. shouldn’t have spoken
C. needn’t have spoken D. couldn’t have spoken
11.—Summer Holiday is drawing near. Are you going home for the holiday?
—I haven’t decided yet. I ______ go home, but it depends on the weather.
A. must B. need C. may D. will
12. This couple had been separated twenty years, you _____imagine how happy they were when they met again.
A. might B. will C. can D. must
13. We ______last night, but we went to the concert instead.
A. must have studied B. might study
C. should have studied D. would study
14. She _____ listen to records, alone in her room for hours. We just won’t interrupt her, for we know this is her usual way to stay in peace.
A. might B. must C. will D. should
15. -?Well done, Tom!
-- Thanks, but given me more time, I ___ it much better.
A. shouldn’t have done B. should have done
C. might not do D. could have done
1-5 DCCAB 6-10 DDBBD 11-15CCCCD
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