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　　（一）題型介紹：
　　一篇文章一般表達(dá)一個(gè)中心或主題。這個(gè)中心或主題通常用一個(gè)句子來概括，此句叫主題句，這類題主要考查讀者把握全文內(nèi)容或理解中心思想的能力，也包括分析歸納文章段落大意、重要情節(jié)、人物特征、寫作特點(diǎn)的能力。一般說來說明文和議論文都有主題句，而且多位于文章的開頭，有時(shí)也位于文章的中間或末尾。但有時(shí)不能直接在文章中直接找到主題句，在弄清段與段之間邏輯關(guān)系的基礎(chǔ)上自己歸納總結(jié)。主題句必須能簡(jiǎn)潔明了地概括全文的主要內(nèi)容，具有高度的綜合性和概括性，文章或段落的其他句子都是對(duì)主題句的進(jìn)一步的解釋、說明、論證或拓展。
　　常見的主旨大意題的考查形式：
　　The text is mainly about ____.
　　The main idea／The general idea／The main purpose is ______.
　　Whats the main point the writer is trying to make in the last paragraph?
　　What would be the best title /headline for the text?
　　This article mainly tells about the story of ____.
　　What is the topic of the text?
　　The subject discussed in this text is ____.
　　What does the second paragraph discuss?
　　The paragraph (passage) deals with _____.
　　What is mainly discussed in the text?
   （二）主旨大意題解題方法與步驟：
　　略讀法是理解全文大意的快速而有效的方法，略讀的關(guān)鍵是能抓住文章要點(diǎn)的前提下，以個(gè)人最快的速度閱讀，主要目的是盡快獲得足夠的信息以便準(zhǔn)確的回答問題，利用略讀法去做閱讀時(shí)，要特別注意首尾兩段，要學(xué)會(huì)尋找文章段落的主題句，這是高效省事地抓住段落要點(diǎn)的捷徑，同時(shí)也是準(zhǔn)確理解文章大意的有效途徑。在做題時(shí)要注意以下步驟：
　　1．先看問題，看是否有和主旨相關(guān)的題目，了解題目類別和提問方式。
　　2．再看文章首尾和各段開頭，找出主題句或通過瀏覽全文，抓住關(guān)鍵字眼，把握主旨。
　　3．以掌握主旨為前提，處理推斷作者語(yǔ)氣或意圖等其他深層次問題。
　　（三）考題探究
　　PITTSBURGH ? For most people, snakes seem unpleasant or even threatening. But Howie Choset sees in their delicate movements a way to save lives.
　　The 37-year-old Carnegie Mellon University professor has spent years developing snake-like robots ，he hopes will eventually slide through fallen buildings in search of victims trapped after natural disasters or other emergencies.
　　Dan Kara is president of Robotics Trends, a Northboro, Mass.-based company that publishes an online industry magazine and runs robotics trade shows. He said there are other snake-like robots being developed, mainly at universities, but didnt know of one that could climb pipes.
　　The Carnegie Mellon machines are designed to carry cameras and electronic sensors and can be controlled with a joystick(操縱桿). They move smoothly with the help of small electric motors, or servos, commonly used by hobbyists in model airplanes.
　　Built from lightweight materials, the robots are about the size of a human arm or smaller. They can sense which way is up, but are only as good as their human operators, Choset added.
　　Sam Stover, a search term manager with the Federal Emergency Management Agency based in Indiana, said snake-type robots would offer greater mobility than equipment currently available, such as cameras attached to extendable roles.
　　It just allows us to do something weve not been able to do before, Stover said, We needed them yesterday.
　　He said sniffer dogs are still the best search tool for rescue workers, but that they can only be used effectively when workers have access to damaged building.
　　Stover, among the rescue workers who handled the aftermath (后果) of Hurricane Katrina, said snake robots would have helped rescuers search flooded houses in that disaster.
　　Choset said the robots may not be ready for use for another five to ten years, depending on funding.
　　What is the text mainly about?
　　A. Snake-like robots used in industries.
　　B. Snake-like robots made to aid in rescues.
　　C. The development of snake-like robots.
　　D. The working principles of snake-like robots.
　　學(xué)海導(dǎo)航：B　 該題是考查文章的主旨大意。文章的第一段只是引出這一話題，第二段才是本文的主題，第二段中提到Choest講究 snake－like robots是因?yàn)閔e hopes will eventually slide through fallen buildings in search of victims trapped after natural disasters or other emergencies，由此可知，Choset 研究蛇形機(jī)器人的目的是為了在自然災(zāi)害或其他的緊急事故中起作用。
　　（四）實(shí)例演練
　　Everyones at it, even my neighbors. I thought I might be the only person left in the world who hadn't done an eBay deal. So, I decided to try my hand at online auction(網(wǎng)上拍賣).
　　Buying for beginners: Sign up on www. ehay. co. uk. Most items (e.g. tables, computers, and books) ready for auction will come with a picture and a short description; others may be marked with Buy It Now and have a fixed price. You can buy these right away.
　　If the item is being auctioned, you offer the highest price you are prepared to pay and eBay bids (出價(jià)) for you. The bid will be increased little by little until it goes beyond your highest bid, then you are emailed and asked if you would like to bid again. Auctions last up to 10days and when they finish you get an email telling you whether you have won the item.
　　How to pay: Sellers decide how they would like to be paid and you need to check this before placing a bid as you might not want to post a cheque or postal orders. The easiest way is through PayPal, an online payment system that takes the money away from your credit card (信用).
　　Selling made simple: If you plan to sell on eBay, it helps to include a picture of the item. I followed my friends' advice and put up the items I wanted to sell for a 10-day auction, starring on a Thursday. This way buyers had two weekends to bid.
　　The big things in life: It' s easy to post a small item, but furniture is a big part of eBay and this      has to be collected or sent by deliverymen. Cheek the ways of delivery before you bid.
　　What is the passage mainly about?
　　A. How to make payment online.
　　B. Ways of making delivery online
　　C. Advantages of an online-auction system.
　　D. How to use an online-auction system.
　　【點(diǎn)津】D本題考察考生對(duì)文章主旨要義的理解能力。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)均涉及到有關(guān)短文內(nèi)容，但是通過比較其核心概念，會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)A選項(xiàng)為支付首段， B選項(xiàng)為交貨方式， C選項(xiàng)為系統(tǒng)優(yōu)勢(shì)，D選項(xiàng)為使用方法。由此可見A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)都只涉及了短文部分內(nèi)容，不具備概括全篇的作用。D選項(xiàng)包含所有內(nèi)容，能夠全面概括出短文的主旨要義。C選項(xiàng)由于說話方式本身具有概括意味，具有一定的干擾。
　�。ㄎ澹┙�(jīng)驗(yàn)總結(jié):
　　1．把握邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)，提高這方面的能力對(duì)于閱讀議論文或說明文尤為重要，在此類文章中常用某個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)來引出題目從而進(jìn)行議論，在議論的過程中可能會(huì)出現(xiàn)一些論據(jù)或細(xì)節(jié)描述，這部分常被設(shè)置為此類試題的干擾項(xiàng)。
　　2．找準(zhǔn)主題句，主題句通常在文章句首，句中或句末，主題句表達(dá)中心思想，起主導(dǎo)作用，閱讀時(shí)要對(duì)容易出現(xiàn)主題句的地方特別注意。（六）主旨大意題的錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)有一下特點(diǎn)：
　　1．以偏蓋全。只是局部信息或者是一句沒有展開論述的話。
　　2．過于籠統(tǒng)。即歸納的主題太寬泛，與細(xì)節(jié)脫節(jié)或者是沒有對(duì)細(xì)節(jié)加以充分論述。
　　3． 把觀點(diǎn)強(qiáng)加于作者。讀者往往根據(jù)自己的常識(shí)對(duì)文章進(jìn)行判斷而忽視了作者的見解。
　　4．無關(guān)信息，即在文章中沒有提到或者是找不到語(yǔ)言 依據(jù)的信息。

 

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