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正由于關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞在句子中所做成分截然不容，其中關(guān)系代詞作的是主語，賓語(表語也算，和賓語位置相同)，還有whose作的是定語，而關(guān)系副詞永遠(yuǎn)做的是狀語。所以大多數(shù)情況下(whose表示物主一會(huì)兒另說)當(dāng)橫線后定語從句不缺少主語或者賓語的情況下，就必然不會(huì)填關(guān)系代詞中的任何一個(gè)，這會(huì)兒往往就已經(jīng)篩掉了2個(gè)選項(xiàng)了。剩下三個(gè)關(guān)系副詞具體是誰，就看先行詞就行了。

到這里，還要多說一點(diǎn)，關(guān)系副詞是可以由“介詞+which”替換的，比如in the morning的定語從句改寫就既可以改寫為when也可以改寫為in which,但是關(guān)系副詞why的替換是固定的，由于先行詞基本就是reason,所以why只能替換為for which。

下邊來說一下特殊情況，只能用that的幾種情況，挨個(gè)背一下吧。不定代詞，all,only,very,序數(shù)詞，最高級(jí)，又有人又有物。

然后是as這個(gè)特殊的詞，引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句的時(shí)候，as可以放在句首，而which不可以。之后就是such as 和such that的問題了。such as本身當(dāng)“比如”講，但是such 和as之間也是可以放詞的，就成了such A as B,這時(shí)意思就成了“像B這樣的A”,就成了定語了，也就是as是關(guān)系代詞了，這代表什么信息呢?很重要，由于關(guān)系代詞as是必須要在定語從句中作主語或賓語的，因此as后邊引導(dǎo)的句子必然缺少這兩個(gè)成分的其中一個(gè)，才能填as.說這么多是為什么呢?因?yàn)閟uch有兩個(gè)詞組，分別是such … as… 和such… that…，考試最�？嫉囊彩撬鼈儌z。區(qū)別很簡(jiǎn)單，such that表示“如此以至于”,引導(dǎo)的是結(jié)果狀語從句，而such… as… 引導(dǎo)的是定語從句。

下邊我用一個(gè)實(shí)際的句子來詮釋。

He is such a good boy ______ everybody likes.

He is such a good boy ______ everybody likes him.

兩個(gè)句子唯一的區(qū)別就在于第2句多了個(gè)him,因此第2句主謂賓全齊了，不需要再填關(guān)系代詞了，所以就只能用that引導(dǎo)，表示結(jié)果狀語從句。而第1句恰好相反，缺少了賓語，必須用as來作賓語。這個(gè)問題到此說清。

接下來說whose作定語的問題，表示所屬關(guān)系不見得是人的，“物的”也是可以的，比如房子的窗戶在定語從句中有三個(gè)說法，the house whose window = the window of which = of which the window.這個(gè)就叫做所屬關(guān)系，因此所屬關(guān)系除了whose以外就有兩個(gè)，對(duì)人是of whom,對(duì)物是of which。到這兒，就又出現(xiàn)了另一個(gè)常見考點(diǎn)，就是of which/whom 和of them的區(qū)別是什么呢?也很簡(jiǎn)單，of which/whom是定語從句，也就是不能單獨(dú)成句的句子，而of them是可以單獨(dú)成句的句子，不是定語從句，舉例如下：He had many friends, many of whom are foreigners. 是定語從句。He had many friends, and many of them are foreigners. 就是并列句了，由and引導(dǎo)的句子叫并列句。

最后是關(guān)系代詞的省略問題，關(guān)系代詞作賓語或表語是可以省略的，作主語是不能省略的，因?yàn)橹髡Z后直接是動(dòng)詞，省略的話就出現(xiàn)先行詞直接接從句動(dòng)詞的語法錯(cuò)誤。舉例：Is there anything that you want to say? 中的that就可以省略。而He is the headmaster of this school who also teaches Chemistry. 中的who就當(dāng)然不能省略。

好了，說了這么多，基本上把定語從句的脈絡(luò)理清，接下來用幾個(gè)常見考題來鞏固一下。

(2011全國(guó)卷I) 31. The prize will go to the writer ________ story shows the most imagination.

A. that B. whichC. whose D. what

解析：【C】whose作定語，表示“誰的”.

(2011全國(guó)卷II)7. Ted came for the weekend wearing only some shorts and a T-shirt, ____ is a stupid thing to do in such weather.

A. this B. that C. what D. which

解析：【D】非限制性定語從句，先行詞為前邊整句話，后邊直接接的是動(dòng)詞is,所以用which作主語。

(2011北京卷)26. Mary was much kinder to Jack than she was to the others, _________, of course, make all the others upset.

A. whoB. whichC. whatD. that

解析：【B】同上一題。

(2011上海卷) 39. You'll find taxis waiting at the bus station ____ you can hire to reach your host family.

A. whichB. whereC. whenD. as

解析：【A】hire是“雇傭”的意思，這里就是租車了，所以You can hire 是主語謂語，to reach your host family 是目的狀語，這個(gè)句子缺少賓語，即租的“車”,所以缺賓語用代詞，which.

(2011山東卷)32.The old town has narrow streets and small houses _____are built close to each other.

A. they B. where C. what D. that

解析：【D】橫線后直接接動(dòng)詞are,要用關(guān)系代詞作主語，只有that了。

(2011江西卷)34. She showed the visitors around the museum, the construction _____had taken more than three years.

A. for whichB. with whichC. of whichD. to which

解析：【C】這就是所屬關(guān)系，the construction of the museum = whose construction = of which the construction

(2011江蘇卷)24. Between the two parts of the concert is an interval, _______ the audience can buy ice-cream.

A. when B. where C. that D. which

解析：【A】 the audience 為主語，can buy為謂語，ice-cream為賓語，所以從句完整，不能用關(guān)系代詞。所以要用關(guān)系副詞，先行詞是interval,表示“間隔”,是時(shí)間，所以用when.

(2011湖南卷)25.Julie was good at German, French and Russian, all of _________ she spoke fluently.

A. who B. whom C. which D. that

解析：【C】同樣是所屬關(guān)系，對(duì)物所屬，所以用of which.

沖刺：跳出單選陷阱題

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