【編者按】非謂語動詞包括不定式、動詞ing和過去分詞等幾種形式，這是歷年高考必考內(nèi)容，每年都會有1-2題涉及該部分要點�？键c集中在：非謂語動詞作定語的區(qū)別;動名詞和不定式作賓語的用法比較;現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞的用法比較;特定句型中非謂語動詞的用法等。
專題八 非謂語動詞
1.非謂語動詞的構(gòu)成和語法功能及用法對比。
2.非謂語動詞的完成式、被動式的用法和特點。
3.非謂語動詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)及否定形式。
4.不定式與動名詞， 動名詞與現(xiàn)在分詞，現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞，分詞作狀語與獨立結(jié)構(gòu)等用法對比。
5.不定式和動名詞在及物動詞后作賓語的區(qū)別是考查的熱點。
6.過去分詞作定語，不定式和分詞作賓語補足語的用法。
7.不定式標(biāo)志to和介詞to的用法判斷等。
8.帶to與不帶to的不定式的用法及區(qū)別。
考點一、考查謂語動詞與非謂語動詞的識別
英語句子至少應(yīng)該包括主語與謂語兩部分, 而多數(shù)情況下謂語都由動詞來充當(dāng)。如果對句子成分劃分不清，把謂語動詞與非謂語動詞混淆, 做題效果可想而知。要克服這一毛病，關(guān)鍵在于正確判斷、識別動詞在句中是否充當(dāng)謂語。如：
1. The children (play) _____ the violin over ther e will go on the stage next week.
根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)，我們可以看出這是一個簡單句。主語是The children，謂語部分是will go on the stage，動詞play顯然在句中不作謂語，應(yīng)用非謂語動詞形式。依據(jù)play與它的邏輯主語children之間的主動關(guān)系以及拉小提琴動作正在進行，可以判斷用現(xiàn)在分詞作定語修飾children，意為“正在那邊拉小提琴的小孩”，因而正確答案為playing。
考點二、考查作狀語的非謂語動詞的辨析
作狀語的非謂語動詞主要考查其各種形式的辨析，即是選擇動詞不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞還是過去分詞作狀語, 不同的狀語對非謂語動詞的要求不同。 動詞不定式主要作目的、結(jié)果和原因狀語;現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞主要作時間、原因、條件、讓步、方式和伴隨狀語，兩者不同之處在于：現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語時，現(xiàn)在分詞的動作就是句子主語的動作,即它的邏輯主語就是句子的主語，它們之間的關(guān)系是主動關(guān)系，而過去分詞作狀語時，雖然它的邏輯主語也是句子的主語，但過去分詞表示的動作是句子主語承受的動作，它們之間的關(guān)系是被動關(guān)系。請看下面例題：
1.____tired of Tom’s all-talk-no-action attitude, Julia decided to do the job all by herself.
A) To get B) To have got
C) Getting D) Have got
一般來說，在句子中沒有連接詞的情況下, 逗號是無力連接兩個句子的。據(jù)此，首先可以確定 這是一個簡單句，非謂語動詞短語放在句首作狀語。依據(jù)非謂語動詞短語get tired of與其邏輯主語Julia之間的主動關(guān)系，以及謂語動詞與非謂語動詞所表示的動作幾乎同時發(fā)生，沒有明顯的先后順序，可以斷定應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞一般式作原因狀語,即“由于厭倦了Tom只說不做的工作態(tài)度”，故正確答案為C。
考點三、考查非謂語動詞邏輯主語的分辨
非謂語動詞雖然在句中不作謂語，但仍然有自己邏輯上的主語。歷年各種考試的重點在于正確分辨非謂語動詞的邏輯主語是什么，兩者之間是主動關(guān)系還是被動關(guān)系，特別是非謂語動詞作狀語的時候。我們知道，當(dāng)非謂語動詞放在句首作狀語的時候，一般來說，它的邏輯主語就是句子的主語，那么，當(dāng)它的邏輯主語不是句子的主語時，又會出現(xiàn)什么現(xiàn)象呢?請看下面例題：
1. The last bus (go)____, we had to walk home.
2. Weather (permit)____, the spaceship will be launched tomorrow evening.
這兩個非謂語動詞短語的邏輯主語都不是句子的主語，而是分別有它自己的邏輯主語，即“是 末班車開走了，而不是我們走了”,“是天氣允許,而不是飛船允許”，這種現(xiàn)象或結(jié)構(gòu)就是獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。依據(jù)非謂語動詞與其邏輯主語的主動關(guān)系,正確答案分別為having gone和permitting。
請再看下面例題：
3. The work (finish) _____, they may go home.
4. The problem (discuss) _____ at the meeting- room now, the workers had to wait outdoors.
同樣，這兩道題的結(jié)構(gòu)也是獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。依據(jù)非謂語動詞與其邏輯主語之間的被動關(guān)系以及非謂語動詞所表示動作發(fā)生的時間性，可以判斷正確答案分別為finished(已完成)和being discussed(正在進行)。
考點四、考查非謂語動詞時態(tài)與語態(tài)的把握
非謂語動詞雖然在句中不作謂語，但它仍然具有動詞的特征，即可以有自己的主語(邏輯主語),也可以有時態(tài)和語態(tài)的變化。非謂語動詞的各種時態(tài)形式都是依據(jù)句子的謂語動詞的時態(tài)形式而變化的。一般情況下，如果非謂語動詞所表示的動作在謂語動詞所表示的動作同時或之后發(fā)生, 就用非謂語動詞的一般 式或進行式(側(cè)重強調(diào)動作正在進行);如果非謂語動詞所表示的動作在謂語動詞所表示的動作之前發(fā)生，就用非謂語動詞的完成式(特別強調(diào)動作發(fā)生的先后)。非謂語動詞的語態(tài)在于正確把握非謂語動詞與其邏輯主語之間是主動關(guān)系還是被動關(guān)系。例如：
____ that Bob had got promoted, his friends came to congratulate him.
A) Heard B) Having heard
C) Hear D) To hear
依據(jù)非謂語動詞hear與其邏輯主語his friends之間的主動關(guān)系，以及前后句的邏輯關(guān)系，可以斷定用現(xiàn)在分詞形式來作時間狀語，再根據(jù)現(xiàn)在分詞的動作“聽說”發(fā)生在主要謂語動詞“來”之前，由此判斷應(yīng)該用現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式(只用作狀語時使用)，意為“聽說Bob已得到提升，他的朋友都來向他表示祝賀”，故正確答案為B。
考點五、考查非謂語動詞作主語時句式的轉(zhuǎn)變
非謂語動詞(動詞不定式或動名詞)作主語主要考查其句式的轉(zhuǎn)變，習(xí)慣上通常把it作為形式主語放在句首，作題時要善于分辨這種形式上的轉(zhuǎn)變。請看下面例題：
1. It is an honour for me (be) _____ your English teacher.
2. It is no use of us (wait) _____ at home like this.
根據(jù)對句式的分析，可以判斷出It是形式主語,真正的主語由非謂語動詞(動詞不定式或動名詞)來充當(dāng)。依據(jù)表語的特性以及句式的特點,我們可以斷定第1題應(yīng)該填動詞不定式，即to be，第2題應(yīng)該填動名詞，即waiting。
六、考查作定語的非謂語動詞的判斷
非謂語動詞作定語主要考查非謂語動詞作后置定語的情況，這里關(guān)鍵要把握住非謂語動詞與其邏輯主語之間是主動行為還是被動行為,以及非謂語動詞表示的動作發(fā)生的時間性，即是正在進行或已經(jīng)完成還是將要發(fā)生。一般來說，用現(xiàn)在分詞一般式作定語往往表示動作是主動行為且正在進行當(dāng)中，如果動作是被動行為且正在進行當(dāng)中，就用現(xiàn)在分詞一般式的被動語態(tài);用過去分詞作定語往往表示動作是被動行為且已經(jīng)完成; 用動詞不定式作定語表示將要發(fā)生的動作，如果是被動行為，就用動詞不定式一般式的被動語態(tài)。 例如：
1. The boy (cry)____ over there is my younger brother.
依據(jù)cry與它的邏輯主語The boy之間的主動關(guān)系和cry的動作正在進行，所以用現(xiàn)在分詞作定語修飾boy，因而正確答案為crying。
【精選試題】 模 擬題及其答案
1. Everyone in our class was working hard and doing what we could _______ a good college.
A. enter。mB. to enter
C. entering。mD. entered
2He ran as fast as he could _____ to catch the early bus.
A. to hope。mB. hope
C. hoping。mD. hoped
3.He spent every minute he could _____ spoken English.
A. practise。mB. to practise
C. practising。mD. practised
4.Before going abroad he devoted all he could _______ his oral English.
A. improve。mB. to improve
C. improvingD. to improving
5. He knows nothing about it, so he can’t help _______ any of your work.
A. doingB. to do
C. being doingD. to be done
6. All her time _______ experiments, she has no time for films.
A. devoted to do B. devoted to doing
C. devoting to doi ng D. is devoted to doing
7. Once your business becomes international, _____ constantly will be part of your life.
A. you fly B. your flight
C. flight D. flying
8. Not only should you get used ______ under difficult conditions but you also you pay more attention ______ your work well.
A. to work, to do B. to working, to doing
C. to work, to doing D. to working, to do
9. Both of my parents insisted _______ a computer for me, but I don’t think it is necessary.
A. to buy B. buying
C. on buying D. in buying
10. “Do you have anything more ______, sir?” “No. You can have a rest or do something else.”
A. typing B. to be typed
C. typed D. to type
11. I don’t know whether you happen ____ it, but I’m going to study in the U.S.A. this September.
A. to be heard B. to be hearing C. to hear D. to have heard
12. _____ and out of breath, we reached the top of the mountain and stopped _____ t he beautiful scenery.
A. Tiring; to admire B. Being tired; admiring
C. Tired; to admire D. Tired; admiring
13. Don’t leave the water ____ while you brush your teeth .
A. run B. running C. being run D. to run
14. He looked around and caught a man _____ his hand into the pocket of a passenger.
A. put B. to be put C. to put D. putting
15. _____ the diamond, he had to look for a place to hide it.
A. Having stolen B. Having been stolen C. Stolen D. Stealing
16. To answer correctly is more important than _____.
A. that you finish quickly B. finishing quickly C. to finish quickly D. finish quickly
17. You will see this product made in this factory _____ wherever you go.
A. to be advertised B. advertised C. advertise D. advertising
18. The monument was built in honor of the explorer who was believed _____ the river.
A. to have discovered B. to have been discovered
C. to discover D. having been discovered
19. —— Have you considered _____ your job as a teacher?
——Yes. I like the job because a teacher is often considered _____ a gardener.
A. to change; to be B. to change; being C. changing; being D. changing; to be
20. Mr. Green is said _____ an experiment to prove the new method of solving the problem when young.
A. to do B. to have done C. to be doing D. to have been doing
21. Seeing the soldiers well _____ for the flood-fight, the general nodded with satisfaction.
A. prepare B. preparing C. prepared D. having prepared
22.(山西省晉中市2009學(xué)年度高三年級第一次調(diào)研考試題，35)I walked out of the cinema,
I'd never come back to this hell of a place. A.determining B.decided C.to determine D.to decide
23.(山東省日照市2009年高三模擬考試，26)Every time he had a chance，he would talk about the great difficulty he had in the new country.
A.settled B.settling C .to settle D.settle
24. (山東省濟寧市2008—2009學(xué)年度高三第一階段質(zhì)量檢測，32)There was a sudden burst of light a terrible noise.
A.following B.to follow C.followed D.followed by
25.(福建福州八中2009年元月高三調(diào)研考試試卷，30) in a red skirt in the opening ceremony of the 2008 Olympic Games, the little girl Lin Miaoke won the hearts of the people all over the world.
A.Dressed B.Worn C.Dressing D.Wearing
26.(福建福州八中2009年元月高三調(diào)研考試試卷，34)The problems at the meeting tomorrow are really hard to solve.
A.discussed B.to discuss C.to be discussed D.discussing
27.(唐山市2008-2009學(xué)年度高一第一次教學(xué)質(zhì)量檢測，20) When why he behaved that way at table，he made no reply.
A.being asked B. asked C.asking D.to ask
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