1．一般情況下，直接加-s，如： book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds
2．以s. x. sh. ch結(jié)尾，加-es，如： bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches
3． 以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾，變y為i, 再加-es，如： family-families, strawberry-strawberries
4、以“f或fe”結(jié)尾，變f或fe為v, 再加-es，（但有一個(gè)特例：roof→roofs）。
如： knife-knives leaf-leaves wife-wives thief-thieves wolf-wolves
5．以“o”結(jié)尾的單詞，如果有生命，加-es；如果沒(méi)有生命，加-s。
如：①有生命：potato-potatoes tomato-tomatoes mango-mangoes
hero-heroes Negro- Negroes
②沒(méi)生命：radio-radios piano-pianos photo-photos zoo-zoos
6．不規(guī)則名詞的復(fù)數(shù)變化：
（一）完全不規(guī)則：
woman-women policeman-policemen policewoman-policewomen
mouse-mice child-children foot-feet tooth-teeth man-men
（二）單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)詞形相同：
fish-fish sheep-sheep deer-deer people-people
Chinese-Chinese Japanese-Japanese
小練習(xí)
寫(xiě)出下列各詞的復(fù)數(shù)
I _________him _________this ___________her ______
watch _______child _______photo ________diary ______
day________ foot________ book_______ dress ________
tooth_______ sheep ______box_______ strawberry _____
thief _______yo-yo ______ peach______ sandwich ______
man______ woman_______ paper_______ juice___________
water________ milk________ rice__________ tea__________
二、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)
【No. 1】一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的功能
1.表示事物或人物的特征、狀態(tài)。如：The sky is blue.天空是藍(lán)色的。
2.表示經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作。如：I get up at six every day.我每天六點(diǎn)起床。
3.表示客觀現(xiàn)實(shí)。如：The earth goes around the sun.地球繞著太陽(yáng)轉(zhuǎn)。
一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的構(gòu)成
1. be動(dòng)詞：主語(yǔ)+be(am,is,are)+其它。如： I am a boy.我是一個(gè)男孩。
2.行為動(dòng)詞：主語(yǔ)+行為動(dòng)詞(+其它)。如： We study English.我們學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)。 當(dāng)主語(yǔ)為第三人稱單數(shù)(he, she,it)時(shí)，要在動(dòng)詞后加"-s"或"-es"。如：Mary likes Chinese.瑪麗喜歡漢語(yǔ)。
一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的變化
1. be動(dòng)詞的變化。
否定句：主語(yǔ)+ be + not +其它。 如：He is not a worker.他不是工人。
一般疑問(wèn)句：Be +主語(yǔ)+其它。 如：-Are you a student?
-Yes. I am. / No, I'm not.
特殊疑問(wèn)句：疑問(wèn)詞+一般疑問(wèn)句。如：Where is my bike?
2.行為動(dòng)詞的變化。
否定句：主語(yǔ)+ don't( doesn't ) +動(dòng)詞原形(+其它)。如：
I don't like bread.
當(dāng)主語(yǔ)為第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí)，要用doesn't構(gòu)成否定句。如：
He doesn't often play.
一般疑問(wèn)句：Do( Does ) +主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形+其它。如：
- Do you often play football? - Yes, I do. / No, I don't.
當(dāng)主語(yǔ)為第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí)，要用does構(gòu)成一般疑問(wèn)句。如：
- Does she go to work by bike? - Yes, she does. / No, she doesn't.
特殊疑問(wèn)句：疑問(wèn)詞+一般疑問(wèn)句。如：How does your father go to work?
動(dòng)詞+s的變化規(guī)則
1．一般情況下，直接加-s，如：cook-cooks, milk-milks
2．以s. x. sh. ch. o結(jié)尾，加-es，如：guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes
3．以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾，變y為i, 再加-es，如：study-studies
小練習(xí)
一、 寫(xiě)出下列動(dòng)詞的第三人稱單數(shù)
drink ________ go _______ stay ________ make ________
look _________ have_______ pass_______ carry ____
come________ watch______ plant_______ fly ________
study_______ brush________ do_________ teach_______
二、用括號(hào)內(nèi)動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。
1. He often ________(have) dinner at home.
2. Daniel and Tommy _______(be) in Class One.
3. We _______(not watch) TV on Monday.
4. Nick _______(not go) to the zoo on Sunday.
5. ______ they ________(like) the World Cup?
6. What _______they often _______(do) on Saturdays?
7. _______ your parents _______(read) newspapers every day?
8. The girl _______(teach) us English on Sundays.
9. She and I ________(take) a walk together every evening.
10. There ________(be) some water in the bottle.
11. Mike _______(like) cooking.
12. They _______(have) the same hobby.
13. My aunt _______(look) after her baby carefully.
14. You always _______(do) your homework well.
15. I _______(be) ill. I’m staying in bed.
16. She _______(go) to school from Monday to Friday.
17. Liu Tao _______(do) not like PE.
18. The child often _______(watch) TV in the evening.
19. Su Hai and Su Yang _______(have) eight lessons this term.
20. －What day _______(be) it today?
－ It’s Saturday.
三、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)
1．現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，也可表示當(dāng)前一段時(shí)間內(nèi)的活動(dòng)或現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。
2．現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的肯定句基本結(jié)構(gòu)為be+動(dòng)詞ing.
3．現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的否定句在be后加not。
4．現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的一般疑問(wèn)句把be動(dòng)詞調(diào)到句首。
5．現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的特殊疑問(wèn)的基本結(jié)構(gòu)為：
疑問(wèn)詞不達(dá)意 + be + 主語(yǔ) + 動(dòng)詞ing?
但疑問(wèn)詞當(dāng)主語(yǔ)時(shí)其結(jié)構(gòu)為：
疑問(wèn)詞不達(dá)意 + be + 動(dòng)詞ing?
動(dòng)詞加ing的變化規(guī)則
1．一般情況下，直接加ing，如：cook-cooking
2．以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾，去e加ing，如：make-making, taste-tasting
3．如果末尾是一個(gè)元音字母和一個(gè)輔音字母，雙寫(xiě)末尾的輔音字母，再加ing，如：run-running, stop-stopping
小練習(xí)
一、寫(xiě)出下列動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞：
play________ run__________ swim _________make__________
go_________ like________ write________ _ski___________
read________ have_________ sing ________ dance_________
put_________ see________ buy _________ love____________
live_______ take_________ come ________ get_________
stop_________ sit ________ begin________ shop___________
二、用所給的動(dòng)詞的正確形式填空：
1.The boy __________________ ( draw)a picture now.
2. Listen .Some girls _______________ ( sing)in the classroom .
3. My mother _________________ ( cook )some nice food now.
4. What _____ you ______ ( do ) now?
5. Look . They _______________( have) an English lesson .
6.They ____________(not ,water) the flowers now.
7.Look! the girls ________________(dance )in the classroom .
8.What is our granddaughter doing? She _________(listen ) to music.
9. It’s 5 o’clock now. We _____________(have)supper now
10.______Helen____________(wash )clothes? Yes ,she is .
四、一般將來(lái)時(shí)
一、概念：表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)及打算、計(jì)劃或準(zhǔn)備做某事。句中一般有以下時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：tomorrow, next day(week, month, year…),soon, the day after tomorrow（后天）等。
二、基本結(jié)構(gòu)：
①be going to + do；
②will+ do.
三、否定句：在be動(dòng)詞（am, is, are）l后加not或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞will后加not成won’t。
例如：I’m going to have a picnic this afternoon.→ I’m not going to have a picnic this afternoon.
四、一般疑問(wèn)句：be或will提到句首，some改為any, and改為or，第一二人稱互換。 例如：We are going to go on an outing this weekend. → Are you going to go on an outing this weekend?
五、對(duì)劃線部分提問(wèn)。一般情況，一般將來(lái)時(shí)的對(duì)劃線部分有三種情況。
1.問(wèn)人。Who 例如：I’m going to New York soon. →Who’s going to New York soon.
2.問(wèn)干什么。What … do.例如： My father is going to watch a race with me this afternoon. →What is your father going to do with you this afternoon.
3. 問(wèn)什么時(shí)候。When.例如：She’s going to go to bed at nine. →When is she going to bed?
六、同義句：be going to = will
I am going to go swimming tomorrow（明天）. = I will go swimming tomorrow.
小練習(xí)
1.我打算明天和朋友去野炊。
I_____ _______ _________ have a picnic with my friends.
I ________ have a picnic with my friends.
2.下個(gè)星期一你打算去干嘛? 我想去打籃球。
What ________ ________ _________ _________ _________ next Monday? I _______ ______ _____ play basketball.
What _________ you do next Monday? I ________ play basketball.
3. 你媽媽這個(gè)周末去購(gòu)物嗎？是，她要去買(mǎi)一些水果。
_____ your mother _______ ________ go shopping this ___________?
Yes, she _________. She ______ ________ __________ buy some fruit.
4. 你們打算什么時(shí)候見(jiàn)面。
What time _______ you _________ __________ meet?
改句子。
5. Nancy is going to go camping.（改否定）
Nancy ________ going to go camping.
6. I’ll go and join them.（改否定） I _______ go ______ join them.
7. I’m going to get up at 6:30 tomorrow.（改一般疑問(wèn)句）
________ _______ ________ to get up at 6:30 tomorrow?
8. We will meet at the bus stop at 10:30.（改一般疑問(wèn)句）
_______ ________ meet at the bus stop at 10:30.
9. She is going to listen to music after school.（對(duì)劃線部分提問(wèn)）
________ _______ she ________ ________ _________ after school?
10. My father and mother are going to see a play the day after tomorrow.(同上) _________ _________ going to see a play the day after tomorrow.
用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。
11. Today is a sunny day. We ___________________ (have) a picnic this afternoon.
12. My brother _______________ (go) to Shanghai next week.
13. Tom often ______________(go) to school on foot. But today is rain. He ______________ (go) to school by bike.
14.What do you usually do at weekends? I usually __________ (watch) TV and ____________(catch) insects?
15. It’s Friday today. What _____she _________ (do) this weekend? She ______________ (watch) TV and _____________ (catch) insects.
16. What ___________ (d0) you do last Sunday? I ____________ (pick) apples on a farm. What ______________ (do) next Sunday? I ______________ (milk) cows.
17. Mary ____________ (visit) her grandparents tomorrow.
18. Liu Tao ____________ (fly) kites in the playground yesterday.
19. David ______________ (give) a puppet show next Monday.
20. I ________________ (plan) for my study now
五、形容詞和副詞的比較級(jí)
一、形容詞的比較級(jí)
1、形容詞比較級(jí)在句子中的運(yùn)用：兩個(gè)事物或人的比較用比較級(jí)，比較級(jí)后面一般帶有單詞than。比較級(jí)前面可以用more, a little 來(lái)修飾表示程度。than后的人稱代詞用主格（口語(yǔ)中可用賓格）。
2．形容詞加er的規(guī)則：
⑴一般在詞尾加er ；
⑵以字母e 結(jié)尾，加r ；
⑶以一個(gè)元音字母和一個(gè)輔音字母結(jié)尾，應(yīng)雙寫(xiě)末尾的輔音字母，再加er ；
⑷以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾，先把y變i，再加er 。
3．不規(guī)則形容詞比較級(jí)：
good-better, beautiful-more beautiful
二、副詞的比較級(jí)
1．形容詞與副詞的區(qū)別 (有be用形，有形用be；有動(dòng)用副，有副用動(dòng))
⑴在句子中形容詞一般處于名詞之前或be動(dòng)詞之后
⑵副詞在句子中最常見(jiàn)的是處于實(shí)義動(dòng)詞之后
2．副詞比較級(jí)的變化規(guī)則基本與形容詞比較級(jí)相同 (不規(guī)則變化：well-better, far-farther)
小練習(xí)
一)、寫(xiě)出下列形容詞或副詞的比較級(jí)
old__________ young________ tall_______ long________
short________ strong________ big________ small_______
fat_________ thin__________ heavy______ light________
nice_________ good_________ beautiful__________________
low__________ high_________ slow_______ fast________
late__________ early_________ far_________ well_______
二)、根據(jù)句意填入單詞的正確形式：
1. My brother is two years __________(old)than me.
2. Tom is as ________(fat) as Jim.
3. Is your sister __________(young) than you? Yes,she is.
4. Who is ___________(thin),you or Helen? Helen is.
5. Whose pencil-box is __________(big),yours or hers? Hers is.
6. Mary’s hair is as __________(long) as Lucy’s.
7.Ben ______ (jump) ________ (high) than some of the boys in his class.
8.________ Nancy sing __________ (well) than Helen? Yes, she _____.
9.Fangfang is not as _________ (tall) as the other girls.
10.My eyes are __________(big) than ________ (she)..
11.Which is ___________(heavy),the elephant or the pig?
12.Who gets up _________(early),Tim or Tom?
13._____the girls get up_______(early) than the boys?No,they______.
14. Jim runs _____(slow). But Ben runs _____(slow).
15.The child doesn’t______(write) as ____(fast) as the students.
六、一般過(guò)去時(shí)
1．一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，常和表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。一般過(guò)去時(shí)也表示過(guò)去經(jīng)常或反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作感謝。
2．Be動(dòng)詞在一般過(guò)去時(shí)中的變化：
⑴am 和is在一般過(guò)去時(shí)中變?yōu)閣as。（was not=wasn’t）
⑵are在一般過(guò)去時(shí)中變?yōu)閣ere。（were not=weren’t）
⑶帶有was或were的句子，其否定、疑問(wèn)的變化和is, am, are一樣，即否定句在was或were后加not，一般疑問(wèn)句把was或were調(diào)到句首。
3．句中沒(méi)有be動(dòng)詞的一般過(guò)去時(shí)的句子
否定句：didn’t +動(dòng)詞原形，如：Jim didn’t go home yesterday.
一般疑問(wèn)句：在句首加did，句子中的動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式變回原形。
如：Did Jim go home yesterday?
特殊疑問(wèn)句：⑴疑問(wèn)詞+did+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形？ 如： What did Jim do yesterday?
⑵疑問(wèn)詞當(dāng)主語(yǔ)時(shí)：疑問(wèn)詞+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式？ 如：Who went to home yesterday?
動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式變化規(guī)則：
1．一般在動(dòng)詞末尾加-ed，如：pull-pulled, cook-cooked
2．結(jié)尾是e加d，如：taste-tasted
3．末尾只有一個(gè)元音字母和一個(gè)輔音字母的重讀閉音節(jié)，應(yīng)雙寫(xiě)末尾的輔音字母，再加-ed，如：stop-stopped
4．以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的，變y為i， 再加-ed，如：study-studied
5．不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式：
am,is-was, are-were, do-did, see-saw, say-said, give-gave, get-got, go-went, come-came, have-had, eat-ate, take-took, run-ran, sing-sang, put-put, make-made, read-read, write-wrote, draw-drew, drink-drank, fly-flew, ride-rode, speak-spoke, sweep-swept, swim-swam, sit-sat
小練習(xí)
一般過(guò)去時(shí)練習(xí)
寫(xiě)出下列動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式
is\am_________ fly_______ plant________ are ________
drink_________ play_______ go________ make ________
does_________ dance________ worry________ ask _____
taste_________ eat__________ draw________ put ______
throw________ kick_________ pass_______ do ________
Be動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去時(shí)練習(xí)
一、用be動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空
1. I _______ at school just now.
2. He ________ at the camp last week.
3. We ________ students two years ago.
4. They ________ on the farm a moment ago.
5. Yang Ling ________ eleven years old last year.
6. There ________ an apple on the plate yesterday.
7. There ________ some milk in the fridge on Sunday.
8. The mobile phone _______ on the sofa yesterday evening.
行為動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去時(shí)練習(xí)
一、用行為動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空
1. He _________ (live) in Wuxi two years ago.
2. The cat ________ (eat) a bird last night.
3. We _______ (have) a party last Halloween.
4. Nancy ________ (pick) up oranges on the farm last week.
5. I ________ (make) a model ship with Mike yesterday.
6. They ________ (play) chess in the classroom last PE lesson.
7. My mother _______ (cook) a nice food last Spring Festival.
8. The girls ________ (sing) and _______ (dance) at the party.
七、時(shí)間介詞要點(diǎn)
1．a(chǎn)t
表示時(shí)間概念的某一個(gè)點(diǎn)。（在某時(shí)刻、時(shí)間、階段等）。
at 1：00（dawn，midnight，noon）在一點(diǎn)鐘（黎明、午夜、中午）
these are our chief tasks at the present stage．這些就是我們現(xiàn)階段的主要任務(wù)。
2．on
1）表示具體日期。
they arrived in shanghai on may
他們?cè)谖逶露迦盏竭_(dá)上海。
注：（1）關(guān)于"在周末"的幾種表示法：
at（on）the weekend?在周末---特指
at（on）weekends?在周末---泛指
over the weekend?在整個(gè)周末
during the weekend?在周末期間
（2）在圣誕節(jié)，應(yīng)說(shuō)"at christmas而不說(shuō)"on christmas
2）在（剛……）的時(shí)候。
on reaching the city he called up his parents．一到城里他就給父母打了一個(gè)電話。
3．in
1）表示"時(shí)段"、"時(shí)期"，在多數(shù)情況下可以和dur- ing互換，前者強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)比，后者強(qiáng)調(diào)持續(xù)。 in（during）1988（december，the 20th century）在一九八八年（十二月、二十世紀(jì)）
i returned to beijing in the middle of june．我是六月中回北京的。 但如果表示"在某項(xiàng)活動(dòng)的期間"，則只能用during。
during my military service（the trip）在我服役期間（在旅行期間）
?2）表示以說(shuō)話時(shí)間為基點(diǎn)的"（若干時(shí)間）以后"，常用作將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)謂語(yǔ)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。如這時(shí)要表示"（若干時(shí)間）內(nèi)"，常用within。
比較：
the meeting will end in 30?minutes．（三十分鐘后）會(huì)議三十分鐘后結(jié)束。
can you finish it within 30?minutes？（三十分鐘內(nèi)）你能在三十分鐘之內(nèi)完成這件事嗎？
但在過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)中，in可用于表"在若干時(shí)間以內(nèi)"，這時(shí)不要誤用during。 the job was done during a week．（wrong）
the job was done in a week．（right）這工作在一星期內(nèi)就完成了。
4．a(chǎn)fter
表示"在（某具體時(shí)間）以后"，注意不要和in的2）意混淆。
??after supper（8?o’clock，the war）晚飯（八點(diǎn)、戰(zhàn)）后 比較：he will be back in two hours．他將在兩個(gè)小時(shí)以后回來(lái)。
he returned to?his hometown after the war．戰(zhàn)后他回到了故鄉(xiāng)。
5．for
表示"（動(dòng)作延續(xù)）若干時(shí)間"，有時(shí)可省略。 i stayed in london（for）two days on my way to new york．在去紐約的途中，我在倫敦呆了兩天。
6．since
表示"自（某具體時(shí)間）以來(lái)"，常用作完成時(shí)態(tài)謂語(yǔ)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。
since liberation（1980）自從解放（1980年）以來(lái) they have been close friends since childhood．他們從小就是好朋友。 注：
（1）since the war是指"自從戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)結(jié)束以來(lái)"，若指"自從戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)開(kāi)始以來(lái)"，須說(shuō)"since the beginning of the war"。
（2）不要將since與after混淆。 比較：he has worked here since 1965．（指一段時(shí)間，強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間段）自從1965年以來(lái)，他一直在這兒工作。 he began to work here after 1965．（指一點(diǎn)時(shí)間，強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間點(diǎn)）從1965年以后，他開(kāi)始在這兒工作。
7．by
表示"到……的時(shí)候"，其謂語(yǔ)時(shí)態(tài)的用法：動(dòng)作動(dòng)詞常用完成時(shí)態(tài)；狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞（be）常用一般時(shí)態(tài)。
比較：
by noon，everybody had（will have）arrived there． by noon，everybody were（will be）there． 到中午的時(shí)候，大家都（將）到那兒了。 以上探討了介詞表示時(shí)間概念時(shí)的用法和比較，上述介詞除表示時(shí)間概念外還有其他的用法，英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)者必須掌握其各種用法，才能靈活運(yùn)用，提高自己的語(yǔ)言能力。
本文來(lái)自：逍遙右腦記憶 http://douzifanli.com/gaozhong/1158622.html
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