1. aid
n.& vi. 幫助；援助；資助
vt.&n. 幫助;援助;救助
They aided flood victims. 他們?cè)馐芩疄?zāi)的災(zāi)民。
They aided in solving the problem. 他們幫忙解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題。
常用結(jié)構(gòu):
first aid 急救
aid sb. 幫助某人
aid sb. with sth. 幫助某人(做)某事
in aid of 支持;為……籌措
aid sb. in (doing) sth. 在……方面幫助某人
聯(lián)想拓展
表示一般意義的“幫助”或“援助”時(shí)，aid 是不可數(shù)名詞；表示具體意義的“助手”、“輔助用品”時(shí)，aid是可數(shù)名詞。如：A dictionary is an important aid in learning a new language.(字典是學(xué)習(xí)一種新語(yǔ)言的重要工具)。用作動(dòng)詞時(shí)，搭配為aid sb. to do sth.幫助某人（做）某事(其中的 to 不可省略)，也可用于 aid sb. in doing sth.幫助某人(做)某事。
易混辨析
aid/help/assistance
aid 表示經(jīng)濟(jì)或其他方面給予的幫助或援助，多指強(qiáng)者(或足夠者)援助弱者，多用于團(tuán)體。
help 指給人精神或物質(zhì)上的幫助，強(qiáng)調(diào)受助者的需要，有利于達(dá)到一定的目的或目標(biāo)。
assistance 多指?jìng)�(gè)人給予道義、知識(shí)、物質(zhì)等方面的幫助，所提供的幫助往往只起輔助作用。
高手過(guò)招
單句改錯(cuò) (原創(chuàng))
①The family lived on government aids for two years.
②We may travel on/under the aid of a good map.
③We，ve aided him finish the work ahead of time.
答案：①aids→aid ②on/under→with
③finish→to finish或in finishing
2. injury
n. 損傷；傷害
Many common injuries happen every day in the home.
家庭中每天都有許多常見的意外傷害。
常用結(jié)構(gòu):
do sb. an injury 傷害某人
be an injury to sb./sth. 傷害；危害某人/某事
escape injury 免受傷害
repair injury 賠償損害
serious／severe injuries 重傷
a slight injury 輕傷
In the crash he suffered severe injuries to the head and arms.
在事故中他頭部和雙臂受了重傷。
易混辨析
injure/wound/hurt
injure指人在意外事故中受到的傷害,用于無(wú)生命物體的損壞，更多用于表示對(duì)人的某個(gè)部位的損傷。
wound 指利器或子彈對(duì)肉體造成的傷害。是出血的、嚴(yán)重的傷，特指戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)上的受傷。也指感情受傷。
hurt 指的傷害與injure 同樣嚴(yán)重，也可指較輕的疼痛，常指因不小心而引起的痛苦或意外地受到傷害。hurt 也可指對(duì)人的感情的傷害。
Your remark may injure her pride.
你的話也許會(huì)傷她的自尊。
Blood gushed from his wound.血從他的傷口涌出。
Hurt other people, hurt yourself.害人害己。
高手過(guò)招
選詞填空(injure/hurt/wound) （原創(chuàng)）
①Ten soldiers were killed and thirty serious .
②He was deeply by her dishonesty.
③I my back lifting that box.
④In the traffic accident ten were killed and eight were .
⑤She felt at your words.
⑥The bullet him in the shoulder.
答案：①wounded ②hurt ③hurt ④injured
⑤hurt ⑥wounded
3. situation
n. 形勢(shì);處境;事態(tài);局面;位置
易混辨析
situation/state/condition
situation指一定時(shí)期內(nèi)總的情況、形勢(shì)、事態(tài)，亦可指國(guó)際、國(guó)內(nèi)形勢(shì)，是可數(shù)名詞。
state用單數(shù)形式表示人或事物的情況及狀況，如外貌、心理、外觀等方面，可與不定冠詞連用，常用于in a state of或in a... state。
condition的單數(shù)形式表示人或物本身的狀況，在這個(gè)意思上與state相近；而復(fù)數(shù)形式則指事物之外的環(huán)境與情況，與circumstances意思相近。
When he later grew to dislike Eliza, he faced a difficult situation.
當(dāng)他接下來(lái)對(duì)伊麗莎的討厭與日俱增的時(shí)候，他陷入了一種困難的境地。
After that I give the students various situations and they make up sentences about them.
從那以后，我提供給學(xué)生各種各樣的情境，他們依照這些情境造句。
His business is in a good state. 他的生意很好。
The condition of the house was so bad that nothing could make it safe to live in.
房屋的條件太差了以至于不能安全地住在里面。
溫馨提示
situation與condition, occasion, point, case一樣，后常用where, in which引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。
Can you imagine a situation where/in which you can use the word?你能想像出可以使用這個(gè)單詞的語(yǔ)境嗎？
高手過(guò)招
用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞填空 （原創(chuàng)）
①He，s got himself into a dangerous situation he is likely to lose control over the plane.
②I can ,t think of the situation I meet my father.
③They have to think of a good idea to cope with the situation they face.
答案：①where ②where ③that/which
4. damage
vt.& n. 損害；毀壞
易混辨析
ruin/destroy/damage
ruin強(qiáng)調(diào)毀滅的徹底性，并且是一次性的行動(dòng)。這種毀滅也許力量不是很大，但其嚴(yán)重性卻使其不能修復(fù),它強(qiáng)調(diào)的是毀壞的長(zhǎng)期結(jié)果。
destroy指通過(guò)某種有力的或粗暴的手段使之毀滅或無(wú)用，一般不能或很難修復(fù)，有時(shí)用于比喻意義。
damage則指對(duì)價(jià)值和功能的破壞，多用于無(wú)生命的東西，一般還可以修復(fù)。
The storm ruined the crops. 暴風(fēng)雨毀壞了莊稼。
The house across the street is in ruins.
街道對(duì)面的房子已是一片廢墟。
He has destroyed my hope. 他破壞了我的希望。
The earthquake destroyed a lot of buildings.
地震毀壞了許多樓房。
The bridge was damaged by the flood.
那座橋梁被洪水損壞了。
溫馨提示
destroy只能用作動(dòng)詞，而ruin和damage既能用作動(dòng)詞又能用作名詞。
高手過(guò)招
單項(xiàng)填空
An earthquake struck this area, a lot of damage. (2010?01?山東青島二中模塊檢測(cè))
Making B. causing C. done D. Caused
解析:選B。make與damage不能搭配使用；“造成損失、損害”用do/cause damage；此處的動(dòng)詞與前面的句子構(gòu)成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，所以需用現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)。
5. present
n.禮物；目前
adj.在場(chǎng);出席;當(dāng)前的
v.頒發(fā);授予;贈(zèng)給
常用結(jié)構(gòu)：
be present at 出席
the present day=today 今天
at present／at the present time＝now 現(xiàn)在
for the present=for the time being 暫時(shí)
the present 現(xiàn)在(相當(dāng)于名詞)
present sb. with sth=present sth. to sb. 把某物送給某人
present?day attitudes/fashion現(xiàn)在的態(tài)度/流行款式
聯(lián)想拓展
present作動(dòng)詞，表示“給予，贈(zèng)送”之意，常用于present sth.to sb.或present sb.with sth.搭配中，此外，present作動(dòng)詞還有“呈現(xiàn)，顯示；闡述，表達(dá)；引見”等意思。
①作形容詞既可作前置修飾語(yǔ)，也可作表語(yǔ)，常意為“現(xiàn)存的；現(xiàn)在的；在場(chǎng)的；出席的”等。
②作不可數(shù)名詞時(shí)，表示區(qū)別于過(guò)去或?qū)?lái)的“現(xiàn)在”；作可數(shù)名詞時(shí)，意為“禮物”。
The same problem presented itself to her again.
同樣的問(wèn)題又在她身上出現(xiàn)。
He presented the school with a check for one million dollars.他贈(zèng)予學(xué)校一張一百萬(wàn)美元的支票。
May I present you to my husband?
我可以把您介紹給我丈夫嗎?
We learn from the past, experience the present and hope for success in the future.
我們學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)去，體驗(yàn)現(xiàn)在，希望成就未來(lái)。
I got many presents for my birthday.我收到很多生日禮物。
高手過(guò)招
單項(xiàng)填空
①There are plenty of jobs in the western part of the country. （2010?01?陜西西安二中檢測(cè)）
A. Present B. available
C. Precious D. convenient
②All the people at the party were all his supporters. （2010?01?江蘇南京檢測(cè)）
A. Present B. thankful
C. Interested D. Important
解析: ①選B。present在場(chǎng)的；available可用的;可得到的;precious珍貴的;convenient方便的。根據(jù)句意,應(yīng)選B。
②選A。(be) present at意為“出席、在場(chǎng)”，符合句意。
重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)
6. fall ill
生病
Hearing the bad news, he fell ill. 聽到壞消息后，他病了。
聯(lián)想拓展
fall behind 落后
fall sick 生病
fall asleep 入睡
fall down 掉下；倒塌
fall in love with ... 愛上……
fall off 脫落；減少；從……上掉下
fall into the habit of ... 養(yǎng)成……的習(xí)慣
fall over 跌倒；翻倒；落到……上
fall silent 沉默
高手過(guò)招
完成句子 （原創(chuàng)）
①不久后他就病倒了，而且一病不起。
He soon after and did not recover.
②形勢(shì)嚴(yán)峻，不進(jìn)則退。
Given the pressing situation, we must move forward, or we will .
③這家報(bào)紙的發(fā)行量開始銳減。
The circulation of the newspaper began to sharply.
答案：①fell ill ②fall behind ③fall off
7. in place
在適當(dāng)?shù)奈恢�；適當(dāng)
I like everything to be in place.
我喜歡所有的東西都放在原來(lái)的地方。
With everything in place, she started the slide show.
一切就緒，她開始放幻燈片。
聯(lián)想拓展
be in/out of order 有條理/無(wú)條理；壞了
be in/out of control 正常/失控
be in/out of danger 有危險(xiǎn)/脫離危險(xiǎn)
in place of...＝take the place of... 代替；取代
give place to 被……取代；讓位于……
out of place 不在適當(dāng)?shù)奈恢茫?br> 不合適
高手過(guò)招
(1)單項(xiàng)填空
His efforts to raise money for his program were because no one showed any intention to take a cent out of their pockets. （2009?湖北）
A. in place B. in sight
C. in effect D. in vain
(2)完成句子 （原創(chuàng)）
①你可以用木柴來(lái)取代煤。
You can use wood coal.
②棉花要取代絲綢。
Cotton is silk.
③你的提議很恰當(dāng)。
Your proposal is quite .
解析:(1) 選D�？疾榻樵~短語(yǔ)。根據(jù)下文“no one showed any intention to take a cent out of their pockets”可知,為集資做出的努力都白費(fèi)了，故選in vain(白費(fèi)力)。in place在適當(dāng)位置;in sight 在視線內(nèi);in effect 實(shí)際上。
(2)①in place of ②taking the place of
③in place
8. make a difference
有很大差別；有很大不同；有很大的關(guān)系/影響
Whether he could get the support from his parents made a great difference to the plan.
他是否能得到父母的支持對(duì)這個(gè)計(jì)劃的影響很大。
Does it any difference whether he?ll attend the meeting?
他出不出席會(huì)議有什么區(qū)別嗎？
聯(lián)想拓展
make a difference between ...and ... 區(qū)別對(duì)待……
make some difference to對(duì)…… 有些關(guān)系
make no difference to 對(duì)……沒有關(guān)系
make all the difference 關(guān)系重大；大不相同
高手過(guò)招
翻譯句子 （原創(chuàng)）
①這次旅行對(duì)他以后的人生很有影響。
②讓警察知道一些證據(jù)關(guān)系重大。
答案：①The travel made a difference to his later life.
②It makes all the difference to inform the policemen of some evidence.
重點(diǎn)句型
9. Remove clothing using scissors if necessary unless it is stuck to the burn.
除非衣服粘貼在燒傷面上，否則都要把衣服脫掉。如果需要的話，可以使用剪刀。
unless是連詞，意為“如果不，除非”。在真實(shí)條件句中，unless引導(dǎo)的肯定條件狀語(yǔ)從句，可以和if...not...引導(dǎo)的否定狀語(yǔ)從句互換。
Unless you change your mind，I won，t be able to help you.
=If you don?t change your mind，I won ’t be able to help you.
除非你改變想法，否則我不能幫助你。
I want you to keep working unless I tell you to stop.
=I want you to keep working if I don’t tell you to stop.
如果我沒說(shuō)讓你停，你就得繼續(xù)干。
注意：unless 不可用于假想的事情，因此當(dāng)if...not引導(dǎo)非真實(shí)條件狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，一般不可改用unless。
高手過(guò)招
單項(xiàng)填空
①All the dishes in this menu, otherwise stated, will serve two to three people. （2009?全國(guó)Ⅱ）
A. As B. if C. though D. unless
②Don’t promise anything you are one hundred percent sure. （2008?浙江）
A. Whether B. after C. how D. unless
③ you have tried it, you can’t imagine how pleasant it is. (2006?北京)
Unless B. Because C. Although D. When
④We don’t keep winning games we keep playing well. (2006?浙江)
Because B. unless C. when D. While
解析: ①選D�？疾闋钫Z(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞。句意為：在這份菜單上的所有菜，除非另外說(shuō)明，會(huì)給兩到三個(gè)人食用。
②選D。句意為：除非你有完全的把握，否則不要做出承諾。unless除非。
③選A。句中unless意為“如果不”,可以與if...not互換。
④選B。unless意為“除非”,強(qiáng)調(diào)條件，符合句意。
10. John was studying in his room when he heard screaming.
約翰正在房里學(xué)習(xí)，突然聽到一聲尖叫。
此句型中when作并列連詞,相當(dāng)于and then,意為“正當(dāng)……時(shí)，突然”。
常用結(jié)構(gòu)：
be doing...when... 正在做……突然……
had done...when... 剛做了……突然……
be about to do...when... 剛要做……突然……
be on the point of doing sth. when... 剛要做……突然……
高手過(guò)招
單項(xiàng)填空
①She had just finished her homework her mother asked her to practice playing the piano yesterday.
（2009?福建）
A. When B. while C. after D. since
②We were swimming in the lake suddenly the storm started.
A. When B. while C. until D. before
③I along the street looking for a place to park when the accident .
A. went; was occurring B. went; occurred
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