Unit 2 Working the land
核心單詞
1. struggle
v.掙扎；努力；拼搏；斗爭(zhēng)
n. (為爭(zhēng)取自由、政治權(quán)利等而進(jìn)行的)斗爭(zhēng)，奮斗
常用結(jié)構(gòu)：
struggle with與……斗爭(zhēng)
struggle for 為爭(zhēng)取……而斗爭(zhēng)
struggle against與……斗爭(zhēng)；為反對(duì)……而斗爭(zhēng)
struggle to do sth. (=make great efforts to do sth.)
努力做某事
struggle to one’s feet 掙扎著站起
She struggled to keep back the tears. 她努力忍住淚水。
It was a hard struggle to get my work done on time.
為使工作按時(shí)完成, 我做了一番努力。
易混辨析
struggle/fight
struggle指較長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的、激烈的斗爭(zhēng)，往往指肉體及精神上的戰(zhàn)斗。
fight意為“搏斗，打斗，打架”，表示“斗爭(zhēng)”時(shí)，包含體力和勇猛的因素。
高手過(guò)招
(1)單項(xiàng)填空
The working people have never stopped their struggle unfair treatment. （ 2010•01•西太原五中檢測(cè)）
A. against B. for C. from D. to
(2)完成句子 （原創(chuàng)）
①我們應(yīng)當(dāng)幫助那些仍在為獨(dú)立而斗爭(zhēng)的人們。
We should help those who are still .
②他們得和各種各樣的困難作斗爭(zhēng)。
They had to .
(1)解析：選A。struggle against意為“同……作斗爭(zhēng)”；struggle for意為“為了……而斗爭(zhēng)”。
(2)①struggling for independence
②struggle with/against all kinds of difficulties
2. expand
v.擴(kuò)大；擴(kuò)展；增加；增長(zhǎng)；（使）膨脹；闡述；使變大
常用結(jié)構(gòu)：
expand...into...將……擴(kuò)展/發(fā)展成……
expand on 闡述；詳談
He is thinking of expanding his business.
他在正考慮擴(kuò)大他的生意。
In ten years the city’s population expanded by 12%.
十年之中,該市人口增加了百分之十二。
聯(lián)想拓展
expansion n. 展開；膨脹；擴(kuò)展
expansive adj. 廣闊的；易膨脹的
易混辨析
expand/extend/spread/stretch
expand 意為“展開，擴(kuò)大”，不僅指尺寸的增加，還可指范圍和體積的擴(kuò)大。
extend 意為“伸出，延伸”，指空間范圍的擴(kuò)大，以及長(zhǎng)度，寬度的向外延伸，也可指時(shí)間的延長(zhǎng)。
spread 意為“傳播；蔓延；鋪開”。一般指向四面八方擴(kuò)大傳播的范圍，如傳播（疾病），散布（信息）等。
stretch 意為“伸展(身體等)，拉長(zhǎng)；連綿”，一般指由曲變直，由短變長(zhǎng)的伸展，不是加長(zhǎng)。
高手過(guò)招
選詞填空（expend/extend/spread/stretch）（原創(chuàng)）
①The fire soon to the nearby houses.
②The tourist season from ay till October.
③A balloon when it is blown up.
④The cat out in front of the fire.
答案:①spread ②extends ③expands ④stretched
3. equip
vt. & vi. 配備；裝備
常用結(jié)構(gòu)：
equip sb./sth. with 用……武裝某人；用……裝備某物
equip sb./sth. for 為……而武裝某人；為……而裝備某物
a piece of office equipment 一辦公設(shè)備
They equipped themselves for the expedition.
他們?yōu)檫h(yuǎn)征準(zhǔn)備裝備。
A good education should equip you for life.
良好的教育能使你受用終生。
高手過(guò)招
(1)單項(xiàng)填空
All classes of this school are with modern . （原創(chuàng)）
A. equipped; equipment B. equipped; equipments
C. equipping; equipments D. equipping; equipment
(2)完成句子 （原創(chuàng)）
①The soldiers were well (裝備) weapons.
②This library (為……而裝備) atomic research.
③Our classroom (裝備有) a computer and a tape recorder.
(1)解析：選A。equip ...with ...意為“用……裝備……”，被動(dòng)形式為be equipped with。第二空equipment意為“裝備；設(shè)備”，是不可數(shù)名詞。
(2) ①equipped with ② is equipped for
③ is equipped with
4. regret
vt.& vi. 后悔；遺憾
n. 遺憾；懊悔
常用結(jié)構(gòu)：
regret doing= regret having done=regret to have done
后悔做了某事
regret to do遺憾將要做某事
regret to say/tell/inform 遺憾地說(shuō)/告訴/通知
much to one’s regret 深感遺憾
with regret 遺憾地
Tom regretted telling his parents the thing.
湯姆后悔告訴了父母那事。
I regretted to tell you you hadn’t passed the driving test.
我很遺憾地告訴你你沒有通過(guò)駕駛考試。
He told me with regret that he couldn’t come to the party.
他很抱歉地對(duì)我說(shuō)他不能參加這個(gè)聚會(huì)了。
He gave up teaching in 1998, much to his students? regret.
他于1998年放棄了，這使他的學(xué)生很遺憾。
高手過(guò)招
(1)單項(xiàng)填空
They failed to pass the exam last time. I regretted them. （2010•01•江西贛州質(zhì)量檢測(cè)）
A. to be not able to help B. not being able to help
C. being not able to help D. not be able to help
(2)用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空 （原創(chuàng)）
①I now regret (leave) school so young.
②I regret (inform) you that your contract will not be renewed.
(3)完成句子
(我非常抱歉), I am unable to accept your invitation.
(1)解析：選B�？疾閞egret doing這一結(jié)構(gòu)的用法。本空表達(dá)對(duì)過(guò)去發(fā)生的事情感到遺憾，同時(shí)還考查了動(dòng)名詞的否定形式 not doing。
(2)①leaving②to inform
(3)uch to my regret/To my great regret
5. reduce
vt.減少；縮�。唤档�；使……陷入某種更糟的狀態(tài)
He is trying to reduce expenses. 他正試圖減少開支。
We must gradually reduce the wage gap.
我們必須逐步縮小工資差距。
常用結(jié)構(gòu)：
reduce sth. to... 減少到……
reduce sth. by... 減少了……
be reduced to 淪落為……
The shopkeeper reduced the price by ＄10.
店主把價(jià)格降了10美元。
The poor boy is reduced to begging.
那個(gè)可憐的孩子已淪為乞丐。
高手過(guò)招
完成句子 （原創(chuàng)）
①她的體重減少了5公斤。
She her 5 kilos.
②炸彈爆炸使得該城市化為廢墟。
The bombs the city .
答案: ① reduced；weight by ② reduced；to ruins
6. comment
vi.&vt. 表達(dá)意見；作出評(píng)論
n.［C&U］ 評(píng)論；議論
常用結(jié)構(gòu)：
comment on/about sth./sb. 對(duì)某事/某人進(jìn)行評(píng)論
make comments/no comment on sth./sb.
對(duì)某事/某人進(jìn)行評(píng)論/不進(jìn)行評(píng)論
The scandal caused a lot of comment.
這丑聞遭到很多議論。
“Will you resign, inister?” “No comment!”
“部長(zhǎng)，您是要辭職嗎?”“無(wú)可奉告�！�
高手過(guò)招
(1)用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空 （原創(chuàng)）
Do you have any comments (make) on the recent developments?
(2)完成句子 （原創(chuàng)）
①Asked about the date of the election, the Prime inister (發(fā)表意見) no decision had yet been made.
②She was asked about the pay increase but
(不進(jìn)行評(píng)論) on it.
答案:(1)to make
(2) ①commented that ② made no comment
重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)
7. thanks to
由于；多虧（有時(shí)用作反語(yǔ)）;因?yàn)?br>Thanks to your help, we were successful.
由于你的幫助，我們成功了。
Thanks to you, I was saved from drowning.
多虧你，我才沒被淹死。
Thanks to the bad weather, the match had been cancelled.
多虧了這倒霉的天氣，比賽被取消了。（反語(yǔ)）
聯(lián)想拓展
表示“因?yàn)椋捎凇钡亩陶Z(yǔ)還有：
because of，owing to，on account of，due to，as a result of。
溫馨提示
以上這些都是介詞短語(yǔ)，因此后面可以跟名詞或動(dòng)名詞而不可以跟從句。
高手過(guò)招
單項(xiàng)填空
①It was your timely help that we accomplished the task on time. （2010•01•西運(yùn)城檢測(cè)）
A. Because B. thank C. thanks to D. as
② the new policy, we are now having a happy life. （2010•01•安徽亳州檢測(cè)）
A. Thanks to B. Because
C. For D. Thanks for
①解析：選C。because 和as 雖然也表示“因?yàn)�，由于”，但后面需接句子，而句中是短語(yǔ)，故應(yīng)用thanks to。句意為： 幸虧你及時(shí)幫忙，我們才按時(shí)完成了任務(wù)。
②解析：選A�？疾榻x詞辨析。thanks to意為“多虧了”；because后應(yīng)加句子;for 表示補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明的原因。
8. rid ...of
擺脫；除去
You should rid yourself of that bad habit.
你應(yīng)該改掉那個(gè)壞習(xí)慣。
聯(lián)想拓展
be rid of 擺脫
get rid of 擺脫；除掉；去掉
rid oneself of debt 還清債務(wù)
break away from 擺脫；放棄
You must break away from such a bad habit.
你必須改掉這樣的壞習(xí)慣。
It won’t be long before we can be/get rid of the pest altogether.
不用太久，我們就能把這種害蟲消除干凈。
高手過(guò)招
同義句轉(zhuǎn)換 （原創(chuàng)）
Could you rid yourself of the bad habit of smoking?
Could you the bad habit of smoking?
答案: get rid of
9. would rather
寧愿，寧可
I’d rather you didn’t. (常用委婉拒絕別人)
我希望你不要。
He would rather stay at home watching TV.
他寧愿待在家里看電視。
I’d rather not go there. 我寧愿不去那里。
I’d rather you came tomorrow than today.
我寧愿你明天而不是今天。
I’d rather have made a telephone call to him yesterday.
我昨天本想給他打個(gè)電話的。
聯(lián)想拓展
would rather...than...是常用句式，意為“寧可（愿）……（而）不要（愿）……”
would rather＋從句時(shí)，從句要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，用動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去時(shí)表示。
would rather have done 本想做……（而實(shí)際上未做）
高手過(guò)招
單項(xiàng)填空
①—Shall we go skating or stay at home?
—Which do yourself? （2010•01•江西南昌檢測(cè)）
A. do you rather B. would you rather
C. will you rather D. should you rather
②I’d rather the basketball match last night. Otherwise, I would have finished my paperwork by no
（2010•01•江蘇徐州檢測(cè)）
A. not have watched B. not watch
C. hadn’t watch D. haven’t watch
①解析：選B�？疾閣ould rather do sth.這一結(jié)構(gòu)的用法。而do, will和should都不能與rather 搭配。would rather (not) do sth.意為“寧愿（不愿意）做某事”。
②解析：選A。would rather not have done意為“本不想做……（實(shí)際卻做了）”。后一句句意為：否則我現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)完成了我的。 所以前句表示“本不想看球賽卻看了”，故選A。
10. lead to
通向；導(dǎo)致；造成（后果）
注意：lead to中的to為介詞，該短語(yǔ)后可跟名詞或動(dòng)名詞。
The car accident led to his being killed.
那次車禍導(dǎo)致他死亡。
All roads lead to Rome.
條條大路通羅馬。
Eating too much sugar can lead to health problems.
吃太多糖會(huì)導(dǎo)致健康問(wèn)題。
His carelessness led to his failure.
他的粗心導(dǎo)致了他的失敗。
聯(lián)想拓展
result in 導(dǎo)致
result from 由……導(dǎo)致
高手過(guò)招
單項(xiàng)填空
The students in the university are all taking courses a degree. （2010•01•東煙臺(tái)檢測(cè)）
A. sticking to B. leading to
C. turning to D. referring to
解析:選B�？疾閯�(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。stick to 堅(jiān)持; lead to 導(dǎo)致，引起；通往；turn to求助，轉(zhuǎn)向，查閱；refer to 指的是；談?wù)摚殚�。由句意“大學(xué)生都在學(xué)習(xí)程，以取得學(xué)位”可知，答案為B。
11. build up
逐步建立；逐漸增強(qiáng)；加強(qiáng)；樹立；積累
The company has built up a fine reputation.
該公司已建立起良好的信譽(yù)。
You must build up your strength after your illness.
你在病后必須要增強(qiáng)體力。
高手過(guò)招
完成句子 （原創(chuàng)）
①我們應(yīng)該鼓勵(lì)孩子們樹立信心。
We should encourage the children to .
②看到你的詞匯量在逐漸增長(zhǎng)我很高興。
I’m very glad to see that your vocabulary is .
答案: ① build up their confidence
② gradually building up
12. focus on
集中（注意力、精力等）于……；對(duì)(某事或做某事)予以注意；使聚焦于；使直射于
He focused his mind on his lessons. 他把心思集中在功上。
Today we’re going to focus on the question of homeless people. 今天, 我們主要討論無(wú)家可歸者的問(wèn)題。
A nearˉsighted person cannot focus accurately on distant objects. 近視的人看不清遠(yuǎn)處的物體。
聯(lián)想拓展
focus one’s attention on sth.= center/concentrate/fix one’s attention on sth. 集中注意力于……
高手過(guò)招
完成句子 （原創(chuàng)）
①在我看，學(xué)校應(yīng)該把精力集中在上。
In my opinion, schools should .
②他把相機(jī)對(duì)準(zhǔn)了遠(yuǎn)處的高樓。
He his camera the huge building in the distance.
答案: ① focus attention on teaching
② focused；on
重點(diǎn)句型
13. In 1974, he became the first agricultural pioneer in the world to grow rice that has a high output.
1974年，他成為世界上第一位種植高產(chǎn)水稻的農(nóng)業(yè)先鋒。
不定式放在表示次序的詞the first, the last, the best以及the only, the very, the right等詞后面, 且這些詞與動(dòng)詞不定式有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，結(jié)構(gòu)為：the first/last/best/only/very/right ...+n. + to do sth.表示“第一個(gè)/最后一個(gè)/最好的一個(gè)/唯一的/恰好的/合適的……做某事的人/物”。
He is always the first to come and the last to leave.
他總是第一個(gè)并且最后一個(gè)離開。
The last man to leave the sinking ship was the captain.
最后一個(gè)離開正在下沉的船的那個(gè)人是船長(zhǎng)。
高手過(guò)招
單項(xiàng)填空
He is the last person to ary’s birthday party.（原創(chuàng)）
A. to invite B. to be invited
C. invited D. being invited
解析：選B�？疾椴欢ㄊ阶鞫ㄕZ(yǔ)的用法。當(dāng)名詞前面有序數(shù)詞或last, next等詞修飾時(shí)，名詞后面多用不定式作定語(yǔ)。如New Zealand was the first nation in modern times to alloomen to vote. 新西蘭成為現(xiàn)代史上第一個(gè)允許婦女有選舉權(quán)的國(guó)家。
14. Using his hybrid rice, farmers are producing harvests twice as large as before.
用他的雜交水稻種子，農(nóng)民們種出的糧食比以前多了一倍。
倍數(shù)表達(dá)法：
A＋be＋倍數(shù)＋as＋adj.＋as＋B
A＋be＋倍數(shù)＋比較級(jí)＋than＋B
A＋be＋倍數(shù)＋（由某些形容詞變化而的）n.＋of＋B
I’m not going out with a man who’s twice as old as me.
我不愿意和一個(gè)年紀(jì)比我大一倍的男人一起參加社交活動(dòng)。
We got three times as many people as expected.
的人超過(guò)我們預(yù)料人數(shù)的兩倍。
You’re not half as clever as you think you are.
你可不像自己想像的一半那么聰明。
高手過(guò)招
單項(xiàng)填空
What a table! I’ve never seen such a thing before. It is it is long. （ 原創(chuàng)）
A. half not as wide as B. wide not as half as
C. not half as wide as D. as wide as not half
解析：選C�？疾楸稊�(shù)表達(dá)法。表達(dá)倍數(shù)的結(jié)構(gòu)應(yīng)該是：A+ be+倍數(shù)+as+ adj.+ as +B。as... as中間是形容詞或副詞的原級(jí)，而不可以是比較級(jí)或最高級(jí)。
15. This also keeps the air, soil, water and crops free from chemicals.
這還可以讓空氣、土壤、水以及農(nóng)作物不受化學(xué)物質(zhì)的污染。
keep ...free from 無(wú)……的；免于……；擺脫……（常用作表語(yǔ)、后置定語(yǔ)或補(bǔ)語(yǔ)）
聯(lián)想拓展
be free to do sth. 自由地做，隨意地做
set sb. free 釋放某人
get/give sth. for free免費(fèi)得到/贈(zèng)送
a smokeˉfree room/area無(wú)煙室/區(qū)
free of charge免費(fèi)
高手過(guò)招
完成句子
用這個(gè)東西把桌子罩住，免得有灰塵落在上面。
the table dirty by putting a cover over it.
答案:eep; free from
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