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定語從句的分類：
根據(jù)定語從句與先行詞的關(guān)系，定語從句可分為限制性定語從句及非限制性定語從句。
限制性定語從句緊跟先行詞，主句與從句不用逗號分開，從句不可省去;
非限制性定語從句主句與從句之間有逗號分開，起補充說明作用，如省去，意思仍完整。
1．由that引導(dǎo)的定語從句
一般情況下that可指人或物，可以代替who，whom和which，在從句中作主語或謂語動詞的賓語，但不能作介詞的賓語。如：
The comrade that（who）is speaking at the meeting is an advanced worker．
正在會上講話的那個同志是個先進工人。
Is this the doctor that（whom）you talked about yesterday？
這就是你們昨天談?wù)摰哪俏会t(yī)生嗎？
The letter that（which）I received yesterday was from my father．
昨天我收到的信是我父親寄來的。
2．由who，whom和whose引導(dǎo)的定語從句
who在從句中作主語，whom在從句中作賓語，whose在從句中作定語。如：
This is the thief who stole my bike．這就是偷我自行車的那個賊。
He is the boy whom you wanted to find．他就是你想要找的那個男孩。
The girl whose mother is a doctor is waiting for you outside．媽媽是個醫(yī)生的那個女孩在外面等你。
3．由which引導(dǎo)的定語從句
which指物，在從句中作主語或謂語動詞的賓語。如：
The book which Mum bought me last week is called“Red Star Over China”．
媽媽上周買給我的那本書名叫《西行漫記》。
The house which Lu Xun once lived in is now the Lu Xun Museum．
魯迅曾經(jīng)住過的那所房子現(xiàn)在是魯迅博物館。
4．由where，when和why引導(dǎo)的定語從句
where在從句中作地點狀語，when在從句中作時間狀語，why在從句中作原因狀語。如：
I will never forget the day when I joined the League．我永遠忘不了我入團的那一天。
He will go back to the school where he studied next week．下周他要回到他曾經(jīng)學(xué)習(xí)過的學(xué)校。
I don't know the reason why he quarreled with Zhang Lin．我不知道他同張琳吵架的原因。
［注意點］
關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作賓語時，關(guān)系代詞常省去。如：
The play（which）I watched just now had been on twice on Channel
我剛才看的那個戲劇在3頻道上已上演了兩次。

關(guān)系代詞的用法：
1. 關(guān)系代詞的句法功能
(1)關(guān)系代詞在句中作主語
例如：I prefer music that/which has great lyrics
(2) 關(guān)系代詞在句中作賓語
例如：I like music that I can sing along with.
(3)關(guān)系代詞在句中作表語
例如：The house is not the one (that) it used to be.
2. 關(guān)系代詞在從句中作名詞的定語
例如：Is she the teacher whose hair is very short?
3. 關(guān)系代詞的用法
(1)who和whom的用法：二者都用于指人。Who在定語從句中作主語、賓語，
whom 在定語從句中作賓語。Whom在從句中能坐介詞的賓語，而who則不能。
例如：
I happened to meet the professor (who/whom) I got to know at a party
in the shopping center yesterday.
(2)whose的用法：一般指人，有時也指物。在定語從句中作定語。
例如：I have got a friend whose brother is training for the Olymoics.
(3)which的用法：一般指物，在定語從句中作主語、賓語、偶爾作定語。
例如：The photo which we liked best was taken by Zhao Min.
(4)that的用法：指人或物，指人時可與who、whom互換，指物時可與that互換。
在從句中可作主語、賓語，還可作表語。
例如：It is a book (that/which) no one really likes.
4. 宜用who不宜用that的情況
(1)先行詞是指人的不定代詞時
例如：Congratulations to our winners and thanks to everyone who entered the competitions.
(2) 先行詞指人時且含有較長的后置定語
例如：The boy was crying hard who lost his way while looking for his mother.
5. 在以下情況中，關(guān)系代詞常用that
(1)先行詞為all, little, few, none 及some-, any-, no-與thing所組成的復(fù)合單詞時，只能用that。
例如：There is nothing that will stop us making progress.
(2)先行詞前有only, some, any等形容詞修飾時，只能用that。
例如：This is the only problem that we can’t work out.
(3)先行詞前由形容詞的最高級或序數(shù)詞修飾時，只能用that。
例如：This is the most interesting book that I have ever read.
(4)先行詞同時包括人和物時，只能用他和她，
例如：Lu Xun and his works that we are familiar with are considered great.
6. 只能用which不能用that的情形
(1)當(dāng)非限制性定語從句中的先行詞指物時，只能用which
例如：The pencil-case, which I bought last week, is missing.
(2)關(guān)系代詞前面有介詞時，只能用which
例如：The tree under which we used to take a rest has been cut down.
(3)先行詞本身就是that時
例如：I don’t like that which he did.

關(guān)系副詞的用法
1. when的用法：它的先行詞通常是time, day, morning等。有時也可和一些介詞一起引導(dǎo)定語從句。
例如：Do you remember the time when she went abroad?
2. where的用法：它的先行詞通常有place, spot, room等。
例如：I like places where the weather is always warm.
3. why的用法：它的先行詞只有reason。Why時常也可以省略。
例如：Tell me the reason why she was late.