Unit03Book9
【詞匯檢測】
1刺破_________2執(zhí)照_________3愚蠢的_________4耳環(huán)_________5代替_________6熬夜_________7集中_________8全神貫注_________9學(xué)習(xí)_________10設(shè)計(jì)_________11現(xiàn)在_________12目前_________13機(jī)會_________14自愿服務(wù)_________15地方的_________16會員_________17混亂_________18養(yǎng)老院_________19困倦的_________20回答_________21簡報_________22順從_________23妨礙_________24完成;實(shí)現(xiàn)_________25現(xiàn)實(shí)的_________26teach的過去時_________27重要_________28擔(dān)心_________29成功;達(dá)到_________30要點(diǎn)_________
【短語集中】
1. all the time
2. on one’s way to
3. depend on oneself
4. enjoy oneself
5. have one’s hair cut
6. instead of
7. go to the movies
8. stay up late
9. fail the exam
10. be strict with
11. keep healthy
12. become noisy
13. learn from
14. at present
15. be able to do
16. be interested in
17. be worried about
18. a running star
19. come true 20. make a decision
21. see sb. doing/do
22. keep sb. doing
23. feel sleepy
24. dress sb.
25. be worn out
26. the whole school
27. after school
28. be used for
29. be made in
30. get in the way of
31. pay attention to
32. concentrate on
33. do chores
34. written English
35. the other day
36. have an opportunity to do sth .
37. be a good experience for sb.
38. be a good way to do
【疑點(diǎn)注釋】
1. I don’t think twelve-year-olds should be allowed to get their ears pierced. (P18)我認(rèn)為不應(yīng)該允許12歲的孩子穿耳孔。
(1)當(dāng)主句的主語是第一人稱I或we，謂語動詞是think, believe, suppose, guess等詞時，其后的從句不能是含有not的否定句；若要否定，須將not提到主句。在翻譯時，按漢語習(xí)慣譯作否定從句。例如：“我想他不會給你打電話的”應(yīng)譯為I don’t think he will give you a call而不是I think he won’t give you a call。
特別提示
若把此類句式變成反意疑問句，其助動詞及主語要根據(jù)從句確定，而肯定/否定則要根據(jù)主句來確定。
We think you can help him, can’t you? 我們認(rèn)為你能幫助他，不是嗎？
I don’t think he is a good student, is he? 我認(rèn)為他不是個好學(xué)生，對嗎？
(2)本句中的twelve-year-olds相當(dāng)于twelve-year-old teenagers，意為“12歲的孩子/年輕人”。
知識拓展
數(shù)詞和一個相應(yīng)的名詞單數(shù)用“-”連接起來，可以構(gòu)成一個合成形容詞。常見的還有：
two-month holiday 兩個月的假期
a sixty-pound stone 一塊60磅的石頭
(3)get their ears pierced屬于“get+名詞/代詞+動詞的過去分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)，表示“使……被做”，“請人做……”。
Go and get your hair cut! 你去理理發(fā)吧。
Why haven’t you got the work done yet? 你為什么還不叫人把活干了呢？
2. I disagree. (P19)我不同意。
I agree. (P19)我同意。
(1)agree意為“贊成，同意”，用來表示同意某人的意見、觀點(diǎn)等；可以單獨(dú)使用，也可以接由with, to, on等引導(dǎo)的介詞短語或接從句。
—Shall we go to the zoo tomorrow? 我們明天去動物園，好嗎？
—I agree. 我同意。
I quite agree with you. 我完全贊成你的意見。
Do you agree on this plan? 你同意這個計(jì)劃嗎？
知識拓展
agree with, agree to和agree on都表示“同意”，但用法不同。
◎agree with表示“同意”，后面接表示人的名詞或代詞，也可以接表示“意見，看法”的名詞。
We all agree with him. 我們都同意他的意見。
Do you agree with my ideas? 你同意我的觀點(diǎn)嗎？
◎agree to表示“同意”，后面接表示“計(jì)劃，建議，安排”等的名詞，接動詞原形時構(gòu)成動詞不定式結(jié)構(gòu)。
He agreed to our plan at last. 最后他同意了我們的計(jì)劃。
They agreed to come on Monday. 他們同意星期一來。
◎agree on表示“（兩人以上）就……取得一致意見，在……方面意見一致”，其主語多為復(fù)數(shù)形式，賓語是表示事、計(jì)劃等的名詞，而不是表示人的名詞或代詞，它可以與agree in doing sth替換。
They agreed on the plan.
=They agreed in doing the plan. 他們對這個計(jì)劃意見一致。
特別提示
agree with也可以表示“某人適應(yīng)（食物、氣候等）”。
The weather doesn’t agree with me. 我不適應(yīng)這種天氣。
(2)disagree是agree的反義詞，相當(dāng)于not agree。
3. They talk instead of doing homework. (P19)他們會說話而不做作業(yè)。
本句中的instead of是復(fù)合介詞，意思是“代替”，后面往往接名詞、代詞、動名詞或介詞短語, of后面的內(nèi)容是被否定的。
I want that book instead of this one. 我要那本書而不是這本。
We went to swim instead of playing basketball.
我們沒有去打籃球，而是去游泳了。
特別提示
副詞instead和instead of意思相同，但用法卻不同。instead意為“代替，頂替”，常位于句首或句末，可不譯。
I didn’t go to cinema. Instead, I went to go shopping.
我沒有去看電影，我去購物了。
The water here is not good, so I drink coffee instead.
這里的水不好，所以我改喝咖啡。
4. Find someone who is allowed to stay up until 11∶00 pm. (P20) 找出被允許熬夜到11點(diǎn)的人。
(1)who is allowed to stay up until 11∶00 pm是一個定語從句，用來修飾前面的someone。
The man who is smoking is my father. 正在抽煙的那個人是我的父親。
The foreigner who visited our class is from Canada.
訪問我們班的那個外國人來自加拿大。
(2)stay up在這里是“熬夜”，“不睡覺”的意思，相當(dāng)于not go to bed。
He stayed up too late last night. 他昨天晚上熬夜到很晚。
She promised the children they could stay up for homework.
她承諾孩子們可以熬夜做作業(yè)。
5. Do you ever worry that you’ll fail a test? (P21)你曾經(jīng)擔(dān)心過考試不及格嗎？
fail表示考試“不及格”或“不通過”，相當(dāng)于not pass。
I think I may fail in the English exam this time.我想這次英語考試我可能不及格。
6. Parents should not be too strict with teenagers. (P21)父母對青少年不應(yīng)該要求太嚴(yán)格。
形容詞strict是“嚴(yán)格的”，“嚴(yán)厲的”的意思，對人嚴(yán)格時用介詞with，對工作等嚴(yán)格時用介詞in。
The teacher was very strict with his students. 這位老師對學(xué)生非常嚴(yán)厲。
He is always strict in his work. 他總是對工作要求很嚴(yán)格。
7. The other day, my friends and I talked about the rules that we have in school. (P22)那天，我和我的朋友們談?wù)撐覀儗W(xué)校的各種規(guī)章制度。
(1)the other day表示“幾天以前，不久前的一天”。
I saw him in the street the other day. 不久前的一天，我在街上看到了他。
Li Ming and I went shopping the other day. 幾天以前我和李明去購物了。
(3)本句中的get to意為“開始，著手”，后面接動詞的-ing形式，表示“著手或開始做某事”。
We get to working after a short rest. 我們歇息了一會兒后就開始干起活來。
He got to wondering why he was in the job.
他對自己為什么會從事這份工作感到詫異。
8. We think young people should look smart and so we would like to wear our own clothes. (P22)我們想年輕人應(yīng)該看起來漂亮瀟灑，因此我們想穿自己的衣服。
(1)形容詞smart意為“聰明的，機(jī)敏的，精明的”，相當(dāng)于clever。
The dolphin is a smart animal. 海豚是聰明的動物。
He looks very smart in his suit. 他穿上他的西裝看起來很帥氣。
(2)would like意為“想要”，相當(dāng)于want，后面接名詞或動詞不定式。
I would like a cup of coffee. 我想要杯咖啡。
I didn’t want to go to the cinema. I would like to stay at home.
我不想去看電影，我想呆在家里。
◎ would like sb to do sth表示“想要某人做某事”。
I’d like you to help me with my homework. 我想要你幫助我做家庭作業(yè)。
特別提示
feel like也可以譯為“想要”，有時可以與would like替換；其后接名詞或動詞的-ing形式。
She feels like a good meal. 她想美美地吃一頓。
I feel like seeing a film tonight. 我今晚想去看電影。
9. Our teachers believe that if we did that, we would concentrate more on our clothes than our studies. (P22)我們老師相信，如果我們那樣做了，我們就會將注意力更多地集中在服裝上，而不是學(xué)習(xí)上。
(1)believe是及物動詞，意為“相信”，其后可跟名詞或從句。
I don’t believe his story. 我不相信他的故事。
I believe he told us the truth. 我認(rèn)為他告訴我們的是真的。
◎believe in表示“信任”（即trust）。
She doesn’t believe in God. 她不信奉上帝。
(2)在that if...的句中，that放在believe后面用來引導(dǎo)一個賓語從句，而if則在賓語從句中引導(dǎo)一個條件狀語從句，we would...則是賓語從句中的主句。
We are sure that if they come on time, they won’t be in the rain.
我們都確信，如果他們準(zhǔn)時到的話，就不會被雨淋了。
(3)動詞concentrate常常構(gòu)成concentrate(...)on sth，表示“專心致志（于某件事），精神集中，全神貫注（做某事）”。
I can’t concentrate on my work when I’m hungry. 我餓了就無法集中精力工作。
We must concentrate our attention on efficiency. 我們必須把注意力集中在效率上。
10. I know we get noisy sometimes, but we learn a lot from each other. (P22)我知道我們有時很吵，但是我們相互之間可以學(xué)到很多東西。
(1)本句中的learn...from意為“向……學(xué)習(xí)”。
We used to learn English from Da Shan. 我們以前常常跟大山學(xué)英語。
He never learns from his mistakes. 他從來不從錯誤中吸取教訓(xùn)。
◎learn to do sth“學(xué)習(xí)，學(xué)會做某事”。
I’m learning to keep rabbits. 我正學(xué)著養(yǎng)兔子。
How did Bill Gates learn to work out a software programme?
比爾?蓋茨是怎樣學(xué)會設(shè)計(jì)軟件程序的？
短語鏈語
learn of“聽到”，“獲悉”。
He learned of the accident just now. 他剛才聽到事故的消息。
(2)each other意為“互相”，通常指兩者之間，在句中用作賓語、定語等；而one another意為“互相”，用來指兩個以上的人或事物的相互關(guān)系。
You and I understand each other perfectly. 你我彼此很了解。
The two girls often help each other in their lessons.
這兩個女孩經(jīng)常在功課上互相幫助。
特別提示
在現(xiàn)代英語中，each other和one another在用法上沒有什么區(qū)別，一般認(rèn)為each other多用于非正式文體；而one another多用于較正式文體。
11. Last summer I had an opportunity to volunteer at the local hospital. (P22)去年夏天，我有機(jī)會在一家當(dāng)?shù)蒯t(yī)院做志愿者。
(1)本句中的volunteer是動詞，表示“自愿做某事，當(dāng)志愿者”等意思。
Thousands of men volunteered when the war broke out.
戰(zhàn)爭爆發(fā)時，成千上萬的人當(dāng)了志愿兵。
We volunteered to raise the money. 我們志愿募捐。
特別提示
volunteer作名詞時表示“自愿做工或無償做工的人，志愿者”。
This work costs us nothing. It’s all done by volunteers. 這項(xiàng)工作我們沒有花一點(diǎn)錢，全是由志愿人員完成的。
(2)local是形容詞，意為“本地的，地方的”，在句中用作定語。
Following the national news we have the local news and weather.
國內(nèi)新聞之后是本地新聞和天氣預(yù)報。
She’s a local girl. 她是本地姑娘。
特別提示
local用作名詞時，通常用復(fù)數(shù)形式，意思是“本地人，當(dāng)?shù)厝恕薄?br>The locals like to visit friends on weekends. 當(dāng)?shù)厝讼矚g周末訪友。
12. I would like to reply to the article “Helping and Learning” in your last newsletter. (P23)我想回答你們上期簡訊上“幫與學(xué)”這篇文章中的問題。
(1)本句中的reply意為“回答，應(yīng)答”，一般只用作不及物動詞，后面與to連用，表示“回答別人的問題、話語、信件等”。
He didn’t reply to my letter. 他沒有給我回信。
How can you reply to my questions? 你如何回答我的問題呢？
特別提示
reply嚴(yán)格地說是經(jīng)過深思熟慮后，一一答復(fù)對方的問題或觀點(diǎn)，故當(dāng)以answer表示像answer the telephone這樣一般性的應(yīng)答時，不能用reply代替。
(2)in your last newsletter是介詞短語，在句中用作定語，修飾article。
13. “I know my parents care about me,” he says. (P24)“我知道父母關(guān)心我，”他說。
本句中的care about為及物動詞短語，意為“關(guān)心，在乎，介意”，其后接名詞或代詞，一般用于肯定句或疑問句。
The girl never cares about others. 那個女孩從不關(guān)心別人。
She didn’t care about anything people might say. 人們說什么她都不在乎。
【句子再現(xiàn)】
1. Teenager should be allowed to go out with their friends every night.
2. Students should not be allowed to have part-time jobs.
3. I don’t think sixteen- year-olds should be allowed to drive.
4. He should stop wearing that silly earring.
5. He doesn’t seem to have many friends.
6. I’m allowed to go to the movies with friends on Friday nights. Me, too, but I have to be home by 10:00 pm.
7. Find someone who is allowed to stay up until 11:00 pm.
8. Parents should not be too strict with teenagers.
9. The problem is that all my classmates think the uniforms are ugly.
10. We think young people should look smart and so we would like to wear our own clothes.
11. Our teachers believe that if we did that, we would concentrate more on our clothes than our studies.
12. We would feel more comfortable and that is good for studying.
13. I know we get noisy sometimes, but we learn a lot from each other.
14. Last summer I had an opportunity to volunteer at the local hospital, but I couldn’t because I had to go back to school.
15. I can’t choose which pair of jeans to buy. They both look good on me.
16. Last year we went to an old people’s home and sang songs and performed a play for them.
17. For example, we should visit primary schools and help teach young students.
18. Some students should be allowed to have Friday afternoons off to volunteer and help others.
19. But sometimes these hobbies can get in the way of schoolwork, and parents might worry about their child’s success at school.
20. However, his parents won’t allow him to train as much as he would like to.
21. Now that he is getting older, he needs to think about what will happen if he doesn’t become a professional runner in the end.
22. But I’m serious about running. Being a professional runner is the only thing I want to do.
23. We don’t allow him to practice every day because we think he needs to spend time on his homework.
24. I know my parents care about me. But they are always talking about what will happen if I don’t succeed.
【考點(diǎn)歸納】
1.語態(tài)：
①英語有兩種語態(tài)：主動語態(tài)和補(bǔ)動語態(tài)
主動語態(tài)表示是動作的執(zhí)行者
被動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的承受者
Cats eat fish. �。ㄖ鲃诱Z態(tài)）貓吃魚。
Fish is eaten by cats. (被動語態(tài))魚被貓吃。
②被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成
由“助動詞be ＋及物動詞的過去分詞”構(gòu)成
助動詞be 有人稱、數(shù)和時態(tài)的變化，其變化規(guī)則與be 作為連系動詞時完全一樣。
時態(tài)被動語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)例句
一般現(xiàn)在 時am
are +過去分詞
is English is spoken in many countries.
一般過去 時was +過去分詞
were + 過去分詞This bridge was built in 1989.
情 態(tài)
動 詞can/should
may +be+過去分詞
must/……The work must be done right now.
③被動語態(tài)的用法
當(dāng)我們不知道誰是動作的執(zhí)行者，或者沒有必要指出誰是動作的執(zhí)行者，或者只需強(qiáng)調(diào)動作的承受者時，要用被動語態(tài)。
2. allow sb. to do sth. 允許某人做某事（主動語態(tài)）如：
Mother allows me to watch TV every night. 媽媽允許我每晚看電視。
be allowed to do sth. 被允許做某事（被動語態(tài)）如：
LiLy is allowed to go to Qinzhou. 莉莉被允許去欽州。
3. get their ears pierced 穿耳洞
讓/使（別人）做某事 get sth. done(過去分詞)
have sth. done 如：
I get my car made. == I have my car made. 我讓別人修好我的車
4. enough 足夠
形容詞＋enough 如：beautiful enough 足夠漂亮
enough＋名詞 如：enough food 足夠食物
enough to 足夠…去做… 如：
I have enough money to go to Beijing. 我有足夠的錢去北京。
She is old enough to go to school.她夠大去讀書了。
5. stop doing sth. 停止做某事 Please stop speaking.請停止說話。
stop to do sth. 停止下來去做某事 Please stop to speak.
請停下來說話。
6. 看起來好像…sb. seem to do sth. = it seems that +從句
He seems to feel very sad.
It seems that he feels very sad. 他看起來好像很傷心。
7. 系動詞不能獨(dú)立作謂語，要和表語一起構(gòu)成謂語。常用的連系動詞有：look, feel, be, become, get, turn, smell, taste, stay(保持), kept等。連系動詞除be 和become 等少數(shù)詞可接名詞作表語外，一般都是接形容詞。 如：
They are very happy. He became a doctor two years ago. She felt very tired.
8. 倒裝句:
由so＋助動詞(be/do/will/have)/情態(tài)動詞＋主語 意為：…也是一樣
She is a student. So am I. 她是一個學(xué)生，我也是。
She went to school just now. So did I . 她剛才去學(xué)校了，我也是
She has finished the work. So have I . 她已經(jīng)完成了工作,我也完成了。
She will go to school. So will he. 她將去學(xué)校，他也是。
9. yet 仍然，還 常用在否定句或疑問句當(dāng)中
10. stay up 熬夜如：I often stay up until 12:00pm.我經(jīng)常熬夜到12點(diǎn)。
11. clean up 打掃 整理 如：
I have cleaned up the bedroom. 我已經(jīng)打掃完了臥室。
12. 程度副詞：
always總是 usually經(jīng)常 sometimes有時 never從不
如：I am always/usually/sometimes/never late for school.
我總是/經(jīng)常/有時/從不上學(xué)遲到。
13. 曾經(jīng)做某事：
Do you ever get to school late? Yes, I do. No, I don’t.
Have you ever got to school late? Yes, I have. No, I haven’t.
14. go shopping(去購物), go fishing(去釣魚), go swimming(去游泳), go boating(去劃船), go hiking(去登山), go trekking(去徒步)
15. be strict with sb. 對某人嚴(yán)厲 如：
Mother is strict with her son. 媽媽對她的兒子很嚴(yán)厲。
16. take the test 參加考試
pass the test 通過考試
fail a test 考試失敗
17. the other day 前幾天
18. agree 同意 反義詞 disagree不同意 動詞
agreement 同意 反義詞 disagreement 不同意 名詞
18. keep sb/ sth. ＋形容詞 使某人/某物保持…. 如：
We should keep our city clean.我們應(yīng)該保持我們的城市干凈。
19. both…and… +動詞復(fù)數(shù)形式
如： Both Jim and Li Ming play bastketball.
20. learn (sth.) from sb. 向誰學(xué)習(xí)(什么) 如：
Jim learnt English from his English teacher. 吉姆向他的英語老師學(xué)習(xí)英語
21. have an opportunity to do sth. 有機(jī)會做某事
have a chance of doing sth. 有機(jī)會做某事
如：I have an opportunity to go to Beijing. I have a chance of going to Beijing.
22. at present 目前
23. at least 最少 at most 最多
24. 花費(fèi) take ,cost, spend , pay
sth. take (sb.) time to do sth. It took (me) 10days to read the book.
sth. cost (sb.) …… The book cost (me) 100yuan.
sb. spend … on sth. She spent 10days on this book.
sb. spend …doing sth. She spent 10days reading this book.
sb. pay … for sth. She paid 10yuan for this book.
25. have +時間段+off 放假，休息 如：have 2 days off
26. reply to 答復(fù)某人 如：She replayed to MrGreen.
27. agree with sth. 同意某事 如：I agree with that idea.
agree to sb. 同意某人的意見 如：I agree to LiLei.
28. get in the way of 礙事，妨礙 如：
Her social life got in the way of her studies. 她的社會生活妨礙了她的學(xué)習(xí)。
29. success n. succeed v. successful adj. successfully adv.
30. think about 與think of 的區(qū)別
①當(dāng)兩者譯為： 認(rèn)為、想起、記著時，兩者可互用
I often think about/ of that day. 我經(jīng)常想起那天。
②think about 還有“考慮”之意 ，think of 想到、想出時兩者不能互用
At last, he thought of a good idea. 最后他想出了一個好主意。
We are thinking about going Qinzhou. 我們正在考慮去欽州。
31. 對… 熱衷， 對…興趣
be serious about doing 如：She is serious about dancing. 她對跳舞熱衷。
be serious about sth. 如：She is serious about him. 她對他感興趣。
32. practice doing 練習(xí)做某事 She often practice speaking English.
33. care about sb. 關(guān)心某人 如：Mother often care about her son.
34. also 也 用于句中
either也 用于否定句且用于句末
too 也 用于肯定句且用于句末
I am also a student. 我也是一個學(xué)生
I am a student too. 我也是一個學(xué)生。
I am not a student either. 我也不是一個學(xué)生。
【語法聚焦】
將下列主動語態(tài)的句子變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)的句子：
1. The woman clean the office every day. －The office ______ _________ every day .
2. A loud noise woke us up. －We _______ ________ up by a loud noise .
3. Workers are building some new houses near the park.
－Some new houses ________ _________ ____________ near the park.
4. Someone has stolen my keys. －My keys _______ ________ __________.
5. Teachers and parents shouldn’t allow teanagers to wear their own clothes.
－Teenagers _________ _________ ___________ to wear their own clothes
6. He gave me a book. －I ________ ___________ a book by him. （以間接賓語me做主語）
－A book ________ ________ me by Tom. （以直接賓語a book作主語）
7. I saw him go into the office building.
－He _______ ________ _______ _______ into the office building.
8. They take good care of my child. －My child ______ ______ good care of.
9. I think that he is right. －_______ ______ _______ that he is right.
【話題訓(xùn)練】
作為中學(xué)生，有些事情必需做，有些事情可以做，有些事不能做。請你運(yùn)用本單元所學(xué)的句型談?wù)勀銓ο铝惺马?xiàng)的看法：
smoke, wear earrings, play computer games, choose one’s own clothes, have longer vacation.
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