新目標(biāo)初二英語(yǔ)第三冊(cè)比較級(jí)最高級(jí)變化輔導(dǎo)教案
thin thinner thinnest
hot hotter hottest
big bigger biggest
new newer newest
high higher highest
cold colder coldest
tall taller tallest
dark darker darkest
tall taller tallest
useful more useful most useful
bright brighter brightest
brave braver bravest
interested more interested most interested
frightening more frightening most frightening
doubtful more doubtful most doubtful
obscure more obscure most obscure
clever cleverer cleverest
pretty prettier prettiest（注意y變成i）
silly sillier silliest
bad worse worst
far farther farthest（只指距離）
further furthest（用處較廣；參見(jiàn)F，G）
good better best
little less least
many／much more most
old elder eldest（僅指人）
older oldest（指人和物）
farther／farthest和further／furthest
以上含蓋了所以的變形形式
構(gòu)成法 原級(jí) 比較級(jí) 最高級(jí)
一般單音節(jié)詞 tall(高的) taller tallest
未尾加-er,-est great(巨大的) greater greatest
以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾 nice(好的) nicer nicest
的單音詞和少數(shù) large(大的) larger largest
以- le結(jié)尾的雙 able（有能力的) abler ablest
音節(jié)詞只加-r,-st
以一個(gè)輔音字母 big(大的) bigger biggest
結(jié)尾的閉音節(jié)單 hot熱的) hotter hottest
音節(jié)詞，雙寫結(jié)
尾的輔音字母，
再加-er，-est
"以輔音字母+y" easy(容易的) easier easiest
結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)詞，busy(忙的) busier busiest
改y為i，再加
-er，-est
少數(shù)以-er，-ow clever(聰明的) cleverer cleverest
結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)詞 narrow(窄的) narrower narrowest
未尾加-er，-est
其他雙音節(jié)詞和 important(重要的)
多音節(jié)詞，在前 more important
面加more，most most important
來(lái)構(gòu)成比較級(jí)和 easily(容易地)
最高級(jí)。 more easily
most easily
2) 不規(guī)則變化
原級(jí) 比較級(jí) 最高級(jí)
good(好的)/ better best
well(健康的)
bad (壞的)/ worse worst
ill(有病的)
old (老的) older/elder oldest/eldest
much/many(多的) more most
little(少的) less least
far (遠(yuǎn)的) farther/further farthest/furthest
★形容詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)：
形容詞有三種等級(jí)：原級(jí)、比較級(jí)、最高級(jí)。
3．原級(jí)：句中只有一者時(shí)用原級(jí)，其標(biāo)志詞是very, so, too, quite等。
e.g. His handwriting is very good.他的書法很好。 （一個(gè)人不作比較。）
太陽(yáng)、月亮和地球那個(gè)大？
★ 形容詞比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的構(gòu)成：
1.一般在原級(jí)后加er 構(gòu)成比較級(jí)，加est構(gòu)成最高級(jí)。
e.g. small smaller smallest
young younger youngest
2.以不發(fā)音的字母e 結(jié)尾的形容詞，直接加r 或st 構(gòu)成比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)。
e.g. nice nicer nicest
late later latest
3.以輔音字母+y 結(jié)尾的形容詞，變y為i ，再加er 或est, 構(gòu)成比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)。
e.g. busy busier busiest
heavy heavier heaviest
4.在重讀閉音節(jié)中，末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母的形容詞，要先雙寫這個(gè)輔音字母，再加er或est， 構(gòu)成比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)。
e.g. hot hotter hottest
big bigger biggest
5.個(gè)別形容詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)是不規(guī)則變化，需個(gè)別記憶。
e.g. good (well) better best
bad (badly, ill) worse worst
many(much) more most
little less least
far father farthest
或 further furthest
★ 副詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)：
1.以ly 結(jié)尾的副詞，除early 變?yōu)?earlier 和 earliest 外， 其余一律在其前加more 和most。 如：carefully ? more carefully ? most carefully
2.規(guī)則變化直接加er 和 est 。 如：fast ? faster?fastest
3.個(gè)別詞是不規(guī)則變化，需要特別記憶。
如：well ? better ? best
far ? farther ? fastest
badly ? worse ? worst
4.句子中，副詞最高級(jí)前的the 可省略也可以不省略，但形容詞最高級(jí)前面的the 絕對(duì)不能去掉。
e.g. Who runs (the) fastest, Tom, Jim or Mike?
形容詞變副詞的規(guī)則：
1.一般情況下直接加“l(fā)y”，如quick---quickly 2.以“y”結(jié)尾的,先將“y”改成“i”,再加“l(fā)y”，如happy---happily
少數(shù)以e結(jié)尾的形容詞，要去掉e再加-ly。例如：true-truly等。
但絕大多數(shù)以e結(jié)尾的形容詞仍然直接加-ly。例如：polite-politely, wide-widely等。
形容詞變副詞通常是加ly,其變化有規(guī)律可循,請(qǐng)記住以下口訣：
一般直接加，“元e”去e加，“輔y”改i加，“l(fā)e”結(jié)尾e改y。
分別舉例如下：
quick?quickly,
true?truly,
happy?happily,
possible?possibly.
另外：
一、在形容詞詞尾直接加-ly。如:real-really; helpful-helpfully; careful-carefully; hopeful-hopefully; slow-slowly; quick-quickly; quiet-quietly
二、以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的形容詞要變y為i,然后再加-ly。如:busy-busily; angry-angrily; easy-easily
三、某些以輔音字母加不發(fā)音的字母e結(jié)尾和以-ue結(jié)尾的形容詞要先去掉e,然后再加-y或-ly。如: terrible-terribly; true-truly; gentle-gently
另外,副詞還可以由形容詞加前綴a-得來(lái),如:loud (adj.)-aloud (adv.)
此外,部分名詞加后綴也可變成副詞,如:part-partly。
例句: It is partly her fault. 有部分是她的錯(cuò)。
需注意: friendly; motherly; lovely等詞是形容詞而非副詞。
再看轉(zhuǎn)化副詞。在英語(yǔ)中,有些詞既可以作形容詞,又可以作副詞,如early, much, fast, little, wide, loud等。 由于這類詞詞性雖不同,但詞形卻一樣,這就需要大家學(xué)會(huì)在特定語(yǔ)境中判斷它們各自的詞性。例句:Thank you very much. (adv.) 多謝。There is much water in the river. (adj.) 河里有很多水。The music is too loud. Please turn it down. (adj.) 音樂(lè)聲太大,請(qǐng)調(diào)低點(diǎn)。He speaks loud enough. So everyone in the room can hear what he said. (adv.) 他說(shuō)話的聲音很大,所以房間里每個(gè)人都能聽(tīng)到他的話。
另外,還有一類副詞和形容詞詞義相同,但拼寫卻不同,如well和good。例句He speaks good English. 他講一口流利的英語(yǔ)。He speaks English well. 他英語(yǔ)講得不錯(cuò)。
多音節(jié)y結(jié)尾的詞 將y改為i后加ly easy-easily
happy-happily
heavy-heavily
單音節(jié)y結(jié)尾的詞 直接加ly gay-gayly (gaily)
sly-slyly (slily)
以ve結(jié)尾的詞 去e加ly true-truly
以le結(jié)尾的詞 去e加y gentle-gently
possible-possibly
其他以e結(jié)尾的詞 一律加ly nice-nicely
wise-wisely
polite-politely
以ll結(jié)尾的詞 只加y full-fully
以ic結(jié)尾的詞 加ally automatic-automatically
energetic-energetically
其他形容詞 均加ly careful-carefully
glad-gladly
形容詞的比較級(jí)專項(xiàng)
一、 變化規(guī)則；
1、 規(guī)則變化：（1）單音節(jié)詞和少數(shù)雙音節(jié)詞一般在詞尾加er或est：bright _____ ______; 以不發(fā)音的e字母結(jié)尾的加r,或st：large; 以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的變y為I加er或est:easy； 以一個(gè)輔音字母結(jié)尾的重讀閉音節(jié)詞雙寫最后一個(gè)輔音字母再加er或est: big 以er，ow結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)詞加er 或est:clever slow
（2）多音節(jié)詞前加more或most, 副詞最高級(jí)前省略the.
(3) 部分形容詞本身表示最高級(jí)，因此他們沒(méi)有比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)形式：favourite round
2、 不規(guī)則變化： good, well; bad, badly, ill; much, many; little; far; old;
注：只有少數(shù)形容詞和副詞有兩種比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)形式：clever old far
二、 形容詞各等級(jí)的用法：
1、 原級(jí)（同級(jí)）比較：as…as…; not as(so)…as…
We’ll give you as much help as we can.
She isn’t as(so)active in sports as before.
2. 比較級(jí)：表示兩者之間比…… 更……可用狀語(yǔ)much, a little, even等修飾： He made fewer mistakes than I did.
He is even richer than I.
3、 高級(jí)：形容詞最高級(jí)前必須加the, 副詞最高級(jí)前常省略the，后面多用of……， in……短語(yǔ)表示范圍：
It was the most/least interesting story I have ever listened.
He is the tallest of the three.
4、 如果在兩者之間表示“最……”時(shí)要在比較級(jí)前加the，而且還用of the two, of the pair短語(yǔ)：
John is the clever of the two boys.
Of the two boys, John is the clever.
三、 重點(diǎn)與難點(diǎn)：
1、 as…as…結(jié)構(gòu)：你和湯姆是一樣好的孩子。
You’re a boy as good as Tom.=You’re as good a boy as Tom.
2、 (1)too…to與 so…that sb.can’t…的句型轉(zhuǎn)換：前者為簡(jiǎn)單句，主語(yǔ)只有一個(gè)，而后者為復(fù)合句，主語(yǔ)有兩個(gè)，試比較：
The man was too angry to be able to speak.
The man was so angry that he wasn’t able to speak.
The milk was too hot to drink.
The milk was so hot that we can’t drink it.
(2) too…to…與 not enough to句型的轉(zhuǎn)換：
He is too young to get married.=He is not old enough to get married.
The book is too difficult for me to read.=
The book is not easy enough for me to read.
3、 形容詞原級(jí)表示比較級(jí)含義：
約翰不象邁克那么苯。John is not so stupid as Mike.
John is less stupid than Mike.
John is cleverer than Mike.
4、 用比較級(jí)表示最高級(jí)：約翰是班里最高的男生。
John is taller than any other boy in the class.
John is the tallest boy in the class.
John is taller than :any other boy.
any of the other boy.
all the other boy.
any of the others.
any one else.
5、 the more….. the more….表示“越……越……”:
The more books you read, the wider your knowledge is.
The more food you eat, the fatter you are.
6、 more and more….表示“越來(lái)……越……”:
More and more students realized the importance of a foreign language.
Our country is getting stronger and stronger.
四、 鞏固練習(xí)：
（一） 寫出下列形容詞與副詞的比較級(jí)與最高級(jí)形式：
long_____ ______ wide ______ _______ fat ____ _____
heavy____ ______ slow ______ _______ few____ _____
brightly______ -_____ bably _____ _______ far____ _____
quickly _____ ______ happy_____ -______ unhappy________
(二)用所給詞的正確形式填空：
1. Of the two girls, I find Lucy the _______ (clever).
2. Gold(黃金) is ______ (little) useful than iron(鐵).
3. My sister is two years _______ (old ) than I.
4. John’s parents have four daughters, and she is the _____ (young) child.
5. The _____ (cheap) bags are the not usually the best ones.
6. The short one is by far _______ expensive of the five.
7. The boy is not so ______ (interesting) as his brother.
8. Dick sings _____ (well), she sings ______(well) than John, but Mary sings______(well) in her class.
9. She will be much ______ (happy) in her mew house.
10. This dress is ______ that.(twice, as…as…, expensive)
(三)選擇填空：
1． He feels _____ today than yesterday.
A. tired B. more tired C. more tireder D. much tired
2. Which do you like _____, coffee, tea or milk?
A. the worst B. worse C. the worse D. worst
3. Of the two toys, the child chose_____.
A. the expensive one B. one most expensive
C. a least expensive D. the most expensive of them
4. The line is ____ than that one.
A. more longer B. not longer C. much more longer D. many more longer
5. The earth is _____ the moon. A. as 49 times big as
B. 49 times as bigger as C. 49 times as big as
D.as big as 49 times
6. The book is ____ of the two.
A. thinner B. the thinner C. more thinner D. the thinnest
7. She looks _____ than she does.
A. the more older B. very older C. much older D. more older
8. The garden is becoming ______.
A. more beautiful and more B. more beautiful and beautiful
C. more and more beautiful D. more beautiful and beautifuler
9. They competed（比賽） to see who could work _____.
A. the fastest and best B. the faster and the better
C. fastest and better D. faster and better
10.______ hurry, _______speed.
A. More, less B. Much, little C. The more, the less D. The much, the little
11. This kind of coffee is different ______.
A. and it is also better B. and better than the other
C. but also than others D. from the other, and better
(四)翻譯句子：
1． 本書跟那本書一樣有趣。This book is _____ _____ _____ that one.
2． 你游泳沒(méi)有你弟弟好。You can’t swim _____ _____ _____ your brother.
3． 今天比昨天冷的多。It is _____ ______ today______ it was yesterday.
4． 對(duì)這個(gè)故事我比另一個(gè)喜歡的多。This story is _____ ______ ______ than that one.
5． 他比我大兩歲。He is _____ ______ ______ than I.
6． 這個(gè)故事不如那個(gè)有趣。This story is _____ _____ _____ than that one.
7． 她的身體狀況一天天好起來(lái)。He is getting _____ ______ ______ every day.
8.他對(duì)英語(yǔ)越來(lái)越感興趣。He is becoming ______ _____ _______ _____ ______ English.
9.他吃的越多，人越胖。The more he eats, the _______ he gets.
10.你的問(wèn)題是兩個(gè)中比較難的那個(gè)。Your question is _______ ______ ______ of two.
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