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一、快讀

　　快讀的目的是了解文章的大意和主題思想，并對文章的結(jié)構(gòu)有個總的概念�？熳x時，應(yīng)特別注意文章的開始段、結(jié)束段、文章中每段的首句和尾句以及篇章連接手段和行文中的信息詞，因?yàn)樗鼈兺�往是對文章�?nèi)容的最精簡概括，是左右文章大意的關(guān)鍵。

　　二、跳讀

　　即根據(jù)問題信息跳躍性地閱讀文章的某些段落或某些句子。跳讀可以加強(qiáng)閱讀的針對性、節(jié)約閱讀時間和提高閱讀效率。許多閱讀理解的事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題均可用跳讀法在原文中找到相關(guān)的依據(jù)，從而迅速做出選擇。

　　三、細(xì)讀

　　找到文章中的有關(guān)范圍以后，即在該范圍內(nèi)逐句閱讀，特別對關(guān)鍵詞句要仔細(xì)琢磨，以便對其有較深刻、較準(zhǔn)確的理解和掌握。不僅要理解其字面意思，而且要通過推理、判斷，弄清文章字里行間的潛在意思。在細(xì)讀時，對沒有學(xué)過的生詞，可根據(jù)上下文或自己的背景知識等來推測其意思；對難以看懂的長句，可借助語法手段，對其加以分析，以達(dá)到透徹理解。

　　四、實(shí)例

　　下面請看一篇閱讀實(shí)例(湖南省高考英語閱讀試題)：

　　The private automobile(私家車) has long played an important role in the United States. In fact, it has become a necessary and important part of the American way of life. In 1986, sixty-nine percent of American families owned at least one car, and thirty-eight percent had more than one. By giving workers rapid transportation, the automobile has freed them from having to live near their place of work. This has encouraged the growth of the cities, but it has also led to traffic problems.

　　For farm families the automobile is very helpful. It has made it possible for them to travel to town very often for business and for pleasure, and also to transport their children to distant schools.

　　Family life has been affected(影響) in various ways. The car helps to keep them to travel to keep families together when it is used for picnics, outings, and other shared experiences. however, when teenage children have the use of the car, their parents can’t keep an eye on them. There is a great danger if the driver has been drinking alcohol or taking drugs — or is “showing off” by speeding or breaking other traffic laws. Mothers of victims(受害者) of such accidents have formed an organization called MADD (Mothers Against Drunk Driving). These women want to prevent further tragedies(悲劇). They have worked to encourage the government to limit the youngest drinking age. Students have formed a similar organization, SADD(Students Against Drunk Driving) and are spreading the same message among their friends.

　　For many Americans the automobile is a necessity. But for some, it is also a mark of social position and for young people, a sign of becoming an adult. Altogether, cars mean very much to Americans.

　　1. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the text?

　　A. Cars have encouraged the growth of the cities.

　　B. Cars can bring families together when they go for picnics.

　　C. Cars have enabled people to live far from their place of work.

　　D. Cars help city families to transport their children to faraway schools.

　　2. What has been done to deal with the problem of drunk driving?

　　A. Parents have paid more attention to their children.

　　B. Some organizations have been set up against drunk driving.

　　C. Mothers have tried to persuade their children not to drink alcohol.

　　D. University students have asked the government to solve the problem.

　　3. We can infer from the text that _______ in America.

　　A. it will be more difficult for people to get new cars

　　B. parents will not allow their children to have their own cars

　　C. the government will encourage people to use public transportation

　　D. cars will still be popular though they have caused many problems

　　●“快讀”短文：可知本文主要介紹美國的私家車情況及私家車對美國人的影響。

　　●“跳讀”短文：根據(jù)文章第2段的內(nèi)容可知，汽車是使 farm families transport their children to distant (=faraway) schools。故第1小題選D。

　　●“細(xì)讀”短文：文章說，為了解決 the problem of drunk driving，有關(guān)人士成立了不同的組織，如母親們成立了 MADD，學(xué)生們成立了 SADD，等等。故第2題選B。再根據(jù)文章第1段說美國在1986年就有69%的家庭至少擁有1輛汽車，38%的家庭擁有1輛以上的汽車，而文章最后一段又說 For many Americans the automobile is a necessity。由此可知第3題選D最佳。