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話說，現(xiàn)在接近春節(jié)了，又到了一年工作請假的高峰期了。

今天，我們就順便來看下，英文中“請假”的各種說法，以及一些周邊小常識。

說到假期的英文，很多人第一反應(yīng)是 holiday，但其實(shí)，英文中，假期的說法有好幾個(gè)，而且內(nèi)涵差很多。今天一起來學(xué)習(xí)下吧。

holiday, vacation, days off, leave 比較

? holiday： 是指因宗教節(jié)日或國家喜慶日而設(shè)立的法定“假日"。

Christmas holiday is the biggest holiday in many Western countries.
在很多西方國家，圣誕節(jié)是最重要的假期。

? vacation： 一般指大學(xué)的假期

summer vacation暑假
winter vacation寒假

? days off：純粹指不用上班，休息的日子，例如周末。

? leave：通常必須是自己申請的休假

? break：指短暫的休息，比如課堂休息、開會休息

下面來看看，在職場上，假期的種類。

各種假期說法
annual leave
年假
maternity leave
產(chǎn)假
Paternity leave
陪產(chǎn)假
sick leave
病假
personal leave
事假
marriage leave
婚假
funeral leave
喪假
menstruation leave
生理假
leave for religious holidays
宗教假

在正規(guī)的公司上班，員工請假的事由大概就是以上這些了。

annual leave 視公司和個(gè)人在職年限而定，一般在5-20天不等。

maternity leave 一般是98天，產(chǎn)前可以休假15天；難產(chǎn)的，增加產(chǎn)假15天；生育多胞胎（mutiple births），每多生育1個(gè)嬰兒，增加產(chǎn)假15天。

paternity leave，也就是男人請的陪產(chǎn)假，全國各地都不同，一般在7-30天之間。

marriage leave，各地區(qū)差別也很大，一般在10-30天

funeral leave 一般為1-3天

menstruation leave ：姨媽假，非強(qiáng)制性假期，一般0.5--1天

除了這些假期，還有--

輪休
rotate days off
調(diào)休
leave/ time off in lieu [lju:]

* in lieu 是代替的意思，leave in lieu 就是替換的休假，也就是調(diào)休了。

那么，說到請假，該用什么短語和句式表達(dá)呢？

請假
ask for leave
準(zhǔn)假
grant leave
超假
overstay one’s leave
告假
on leave
帶薪休假
paid leave
批假
approve one's leave
休假
have a holiday
延長假期
extend one's leave
申請休假
submit a request to take the leave
休假中
on holiday/on one’s holiday/ take holiday

再來看看，英文中請假，有哪些句式呢？

常用句式

He has a day off today.
他今天請假一天。

She had two weeks off because she was ill.
因?yàn)樯�病了，她請假兩周�?br />
Can I have 3 hours off today in lieu of the 3 hours of overtime I worked last night?
昨天晚上我加班了3個(gè)小時(shí)，今天我能調(diào)休3小時(shí)嗎？

Do I get time off in lieu if I work overtime on the holiday?
如果假期我加班，我能獲得調(diào)休嗎？

下面我們來看看，如何表達(dá)休假理由。

病假理由

I don’t feel well./ I am feeling sick./ I am unwell./ I am not doing too well.
我不太舒服。

I have been feeling very run down lately.
最近我有點(diǎn)虛弱。

I think I've caught a bug.
我覺得我是感冒了。

I have a bad headache.
我頭疼。

I have a sore arm.
我胳膊疼。

那么，請假了，一般都要做好交接工作。

這種表達(dá)如何說呢？

工作交接

1. fill in for someone

fill in 是填空的意思，fill in for sb 就是為別人頂板，暫時(shí)代替別人

We'll have to find someone to fill in for Francis tonight as he's ill.
費(fèi)朗西斯病了，我們得找個(gè)什么人今晚頂替他。

2. cover for somebody 代替某人

Can you cover for me on Friday because I am gonna visit my aunt that day.
星期五能不能請你替我個(gè)班，那天我要去看阿姨。

最后，給大家看兩組請假條的書寫方式，

大家下次可以參考用起來。

Dear Mr./Ms. XXX，

This letter is a formal request for a leave of absence, to follow up on our meeting yesterday. As we discussed, I would like to request a leave of absence from April 1 through June 30, 20XX.

I will return to work on July 1, 20XX.

Please let me know if I can provide further information or if you have any questions.

Thank you very much for your consideration in providing me with this opportunity for personal leave.

Sincerely,
Peter Smith


Dear Jennifer,

As we discussed yesterday, I would like to request a formal leave of absence from my job. I plan to be away from July 1, 20XX - December 31, 20XX, returning to work on January 1, 20XX.

If approved, I would be glad to help with a plan to cover my workload in my absence. I would also be available to answer questions and provide assistance while I am away.

Please let me know if you need any additional information. Thank you very much for your consideration of my request.

Best,
John White

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