《少有人走的路：心智成熟的旅程》是一本通俗的心理學(xué)著作，也是一本偉大的心理學(xué)著作，它出自我們這個(gè)時(shí)代最杰出的心理醫(yī)生斯科特?派克。斯科特的杰出不僅在于他的智慧，更在于他的誠(chéng)懇和勇氣。他第一次說出了人們從來不敢說的話，提醒了人們從來不敢提醒的事，這就是：幾乎人人都有心理問題，只不過程度不同而已；幾乎人人都有程度不同的心理疾病，只不過得病的時(shí)間不同而已。
《少有人走的路》這本書處處透露出溝通與理解的意味，它跨越時(shí)代限制，幫助我們探索愛的本質(zhì)，引導(dǎo)我們過上嶄新，寧?kù)o而豐富的生活；它幫助我們學(xué)習(xí)愛，也學(xué)習(xí)獨(dú)立；它教誨我們成為更稱職的、更有理解心的父母。歸根到底，它告訴我們?cè)鯓诱业秸嬲淖晕摇?/p>
正如開篇所言：人生苦難重重。M?斯科特?派克讓我們更加清楚：人生是一場(chǎng)艱辛之旅，心智成熟的旅程相當(dāng)漫長(zhǎng)。但是，他沒有讓我們感到恐懼，相反，他帶領(lǐng)我們?nèi)ソ?jīng)歷一系列艱難乃至痛苦的轉(zhuǎn)變，最終達(dá)到自我認(rèn)知的更高境界。
我們U君先帶大家來讀一下這本書的part 1，理論性的句子比較多，等到后面就會(huì)有很多有啟發(fā)性的小故事和案例，引我們深思。
《The Road Less Traveled》 Book one
Part 1 Problems and Pain
【注釋版】筆記整理：微信公眾號(hào)KindleStar，微博@YouTube君學(xué)英語(yǔ)；
Life is difficult. This is a great truth, one of the greatest truths. It is a great truth because once we truly see this truth, we transcend it. Once we truly know that life is difficult -- once we truly understand and accept it -- then life is no longer difficult. Because once it is accepted, the fact that life is difficult no longer matters.
【單詞】transcend 英 [tr?n'send] vt. 勝過，超越。
這個(gè)單詞比較重要，也非常高級(jí)。來自古法語(yǔ)transcendre "transcend, surpass,超過" ，來自拉丁語(yǔ)transcendere "climb over or beyond翻過, surmount戰(zhàn)勝, overstep逾越," ；詞根scend表示“climb爬，登”，前綴trans表示"超過，越過" 。所以trans+scend=超越。
相關(guān)詞匯還有：
ascend [a-=ad-表示to，scend爬;’爬上”] v.上升;登高，攀登
ascendent [見上，-ent形容詞后綴，…的] a.上升的，向上的
ascent [?'sent][見上，由ascend轉(zhuǎn)成的名詞] n.上升，升高，登高
reascend [re-再，ascend上升] v.再上升，再升高
descend [de-下，向下，scend爬] v.下降，傳下，遺傳
descender [見上，-er表示人和物] 下降者，下降物
descendent [見上，-ent表示人;’傳下來的人”] 子孫，后代，后裔
descent [d?'send][見上，由descend轉(zhuǎn)成的名詞] 下降，降下
redescend [re-再，descend下降] 再下降
condescend [con-表示加強(qiáng)意義，descend下降卑謙] 謙遜，俯就，屈尊
condescension [見上，-ion名詞后綴] 屈尊
【譯文】人生苦難重重。這是個(gè)偉大的真理，是世界上最偉大的真理之一。它的偉大．在于我們一旦想通了它，就能實(shí)現(xiàn)人生的超越。只要我們知道人生是艱難的??只要我們真正理解并接受這一點(diǎn)，那么我們就再也不會(huì)對(duì)人生的苦難耿耿于懷了。
Most do not fully see this truth that life is difficult. Instead they moan more or less incessantly, noisily or subtly, about the enormity of their problems, their burdens, and their difficulties as if life were generally easy, as if life should be easy. They voice their belief, noisily or subtly, that their difficulties represent a unique kind of affliction that should not be and that has somehow been especially visited upon them, or else upon their families, their tribe, their class, their nation, their race or even their species, and not upon others. I know about this moaning because I have done my share.
【單詞】
1.incessant：[?n'ses(?)nt] adj. 不斷的；不停的；連續(xù)的；
詞根cess來自拉丁語(yǔ)cessare "to cease停息" ，in-為否定前綴，所以in（否定）+cess（停）+ant（形容詞后綴）=不停的。
相關(guān)詞匯：cease v.n.停止；ceaseless adj.不停的；
2.enormity [?'n??m?t?] n. 巨大；暴行；極惡；
詞根norm來自拉丁語(yǔ)norma "rule, norm規(guī)則，規(guī)范"，前綴e來自ex-，表示“超出”。所以e/ex"out of"+ norm+ity（名詞后綴）=超出規(guī)范=巨大。
相關(guān)詞匯：enormous adj. 龐大的，巨大的；兇暴的，極惡的
norm n.規(guī)范，行為準(zhǔn)則
normal a.正常的(norm+al有規(guī)范的正常的)
abnormal a.異常的，反常的(ab否定前綴+normal正常的)
subnormal a.低于標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的，低能的(sub在下面+normal正常的)
transnormal a.超常規(guī)的，異常的(trans超+normal正常的)
3.affliction [?'fl?k?(?)n] n. 苦難；苦惱；折磨
詞根flict表示“打擊”
afflict [af-表示at，to等意義，flict打擊] 使苦惱，折磨
affliction [見上，-ion名詞后綴] 苦惱，折磨，苦事
afflictive [見上，-ive…的] 使人苦惱的，折磨人的
conflict [con-共同，flict打擊，’共同打”彼此互打] 沖突，戰(zhàn)斗，交鋒，斗爭(zhēng)
inflict [in-使，作，flict打擊;’給以打擊”] 予以打擊，使遭受痛苦，加弄，處罰
infliction [見上，-ion名詞后綴] 使受痛苦，處罰
4.families, their tribe, their class, their nation, their race or even their species
社會(huì)單位從小到大排序：家庭，部落宗族，階層，國(guó)家，種族，物種。
【譯文】
然而，大部分人卻不愿正視它。在他們看來，似乎人生本該既舒適又順利。他們不是怨天尤人，就是抱怨自己生而不幸，他們總是哀嘆無數(shù)麻煩、壓力、困難與其為伴，他們認(rèn)為自己是世界上最不幸的人，命運(yùn)偏偏讓他們自己、他們的家人、他們的部落、他們的社會(huì)階級(jí)、他們的國(guó)家和民族乃至他們的人種吃苦受罪，而別的人卻安然無恙，活得自由而又幸福??我熟悉類似的抱怨和詛咒，因?yàn)槲乙苍羞^同樣的感受。
Life is a series of problems. Do we want to moan about them or solve them? Do we want to teach our children to solve them? Discipline（紀(jì)律） is the basic set of tools we require to solve life's problems. Without discipline we can solve nothing. With only some discipline we can solve only some problems. With total discipline we can solve all problem.
【譯文】人生是一連串的難題，面對(duì)它，你是哭哭啼啼，還是勇敢奮起?你是束手無策地哀嘆，還是積極地想方設(shè)法解決問題，并慷慨地將方法傳給后人呢？解決人生問題的首要方案，乃是自律，缺少了這一環(huán)，你不可能解決任何麻煩和困難。局部的自律只能解決局部的問題，完整的自律才能解決所有的問題。
What makes life difficult is that the process of confronting and solving problems is a painful one. Problems, depending upon their nature, evoke in us frustration or grief or sadness or loneliness or guilt or regret or anger or fear or anxiety or anguish or despair. These are uncomfortable feelings, often very uncomfortable, often as painful as any kind of physical pain, sometimes equaling the very worst kind of physical pain. Indeed, it is because of the pain that events or conflicts engender in us all that we call them problems. And since life poses an endless series of problems, life is always difficult and is full of pain as well as joy.
【單詞】
1.evoke [?'v??k] vt. 引起，喚起；博得。詞根vok/voc來自拉丁語(yǔ)vocare "to call"喊，叫。 ex "out" + voke=喊出來=喚起。
advocate v.擁護(hù);倡議(ad增強(qiáng)+voc+ate增強(qiáng)聲音擁護(hù))
revoke v.取消，撤回(re回+vok+e喊回來取消)
revocable a.可廢除的(revoke+able)
irrevocable a.不能改變的(ir不+revocable不可廢除的)
vociferous a.喧鬧的(voc+i+fer帶來+ous帶來聲音的喧鬧的)
provoke v.觸怒，煽動(dòng)(pro前面+vok+e到[別人]面前喊激怒)
provocative a.激怒人的，激發(fā)人的(pro+voc+ative)
2.frustration or grief or sadness or loneliness or guilt or regret or anger or fear or anxiety or anguish（痛苦） or despair. 這些都是我們?nèi)祟惐容^常見的情緒，也都是非常重要的詞匯。
3.engender [?n'd?end?; en-] vt. 使產(chǎn)生；造成vi. 產(chǎn)生；引起
詞根gen=birth,produce“出生，產(chǎn)生”，例如：
engender v 產(chǎn)生（en使+gender產(chǎn)生使產(chǎn)生）
generate v 產(chǎn)生；發(fā)電（genner+ate 產(chǎn)生[電]等）
generation n 產(chǎn)生；一代（(generate+ion)
generator n 發(fā)電機(jī)；生殖者（generate+or產(chǎn)生[電]的東西發(fā)電機(jī)）
regenerate v 再生，重生（re再+generate)
generous a 慷慨的；豐富的（gener+ous[不斷]產(chǎn)生豐富的，慷慨的）
generosity n 慷慨（gener+osity多的狀態(tài)多產(chǎn)生慷慨）
degenerate v 墮落；衰退（de壞+gener+ate往壞產(chǎn)生墮落）
heterogeneous a 不同的（hetero異+gen+eous產(chǎn)生不同的）
homogeneous a 同種的（homo同+gen+eous產(chǎn)生相同的）
【譯文】生活中遇到問題，這本身就是一種痛苦，解決它們，就會(huì)帶來新的痛苦。各種問題結(jié)隊(duì)而來，使我們疲于奔命，不斷經(jīng)受沮喪、悲哀、難過、寂寞、內(nèi)疚、懊喪、惱怒、恐懼、焦慮、痛苦和絕望的打擊，從而不知道自由和舒適為何物。心靈之痛。 通常和肉體之痛一樣劇烈，甚至更加難以承受。正是由于人生的矛盾和沖突帶來的痛苦如此強(qiáng)烈，我們才把它們稱為問題；正是因?yàn)楦鞣N問題接踵而來，我們才覺得人生苦難重重，悲喜參半。
Yet it is in this whole process of meeting and solving problems that life has its meaning. Problems are the cutting edge that distinguishes between success and failure. Problems call forth our courage and our wisdom; indeed, they create our courage and our wisdom. It is only because of problems that we grow mentally and spiritually. When we desire to encourage the growth of the human spirit, we challenge and encourage the human capacity to solve problems, just as in school we deliberately set problems for our children to solve. It is through the pain of confronting and resolving problems that we learn. As Benjamin Franklin said, "Those things that hurt, instruct." It is for this reason that wise people learn not to dread（擔(dān)心） but actually to welcome problems and actually to welcome the pain of problems.
【知識(shí)點(diǎn)】
1.cutting edge 刀刃，引申為分水嶺。
2.It is only because of problems that we grow mentally and spiritually.
正是因?yàn)橛辛藛栴}，才能使我們思想和心智不斷成熟。此處為強(qiáng)調(diào)句式：it is…that……，寫作時(shí)我們都可以用上，顯得比較高級(jí)。正常語(yǔ)序可以寫成：because of problems, we grow mentally and spiritually. 本段的最后一句話同樣是強(qiáng)調(diào)句式。
【譯文】人生是一個(gè)面對(duì)問題并解決問題的過程。問題能啟發(fā)我們的智慧，激發(fā)我們的勇氣；問題是我們成功與失敗的分水嶺。 為解決問題而付出努力，能使思想和心智不斷成熟。學(xué)校為孩子們?cè)O(shè)計(jì)各種問題，促使他們動(dòng)腦筋、想辦法�？峙乱彩腔谶@樣的考慮。我們的心靈渴望成長(zhǎng)，渴望迎接成功而不是遭受失敗，所以它會(huì)釋放出最大的潛力，盡可能將所有問題解決。
面對(duì)問題和解決問題的痛苦，能讓我們得到最好的學(xué)習(xí)。美國(guó)開國(guó)先哲本杰明?富蘭克林說過：“惟有痛苦才會(huì)帶來教益�！� 面對(duì)問題，聰明者不因害怕痛苦而選擇逃避，而是迎上前去。
Most of us are not so wise. Fearing the pain involved, almost all of us, to a greater or lesser degree, attempt to avoid problems. We procrastinate（拖延）, hoping that they will go away. We ignore them, forget them, pretend they do not exist. We even take drugs to assist us in ignoring them, so that by deadening（deaden，使削弱，使麻木） ourselves to the pain we can forget the problems that cause the pain. We attempt to skirt around problems rather than meet them head on. We attempt to get out of them rather than suffer through them. This tendency to avoid problems and the emotional suffering inherent（固有的） in them is the primary basis of all human mental illness. Since most of us have this tendency to a greater or lesser degree, most of us are mentally ill to a greater or lesser degree, lacking complete mental health. Some of us will go to quite extraordinary lengths to avoid our problems and the suffering they cause, proceeding far afield from all that is clearly good and sensible in order to try to find an easy way out, building the most elaborate fantasies in which to live, sometimes to the total exclusion of reality. In the succinctly elegant words of Carl Jung, "Neurosis is always a substitute for legitimate suffering."
【知識(shí)點(diǎn)】
1.to a greater or lesser degree在某種程度上，或多或少的。類似于more or less，寫作時(shí)能用上這個(gè)表達(dá)會(huì)顯得非常高級(jí)。
2.skirt [sk??t] n. 裙子
vt. 繞過，回避；位于…邊緣
vi. 沿邊走，繞開；環(huán)繞
表示“迂回，繞過”的非常重要的詞還有detour.
3.The tendency to do sth.這種用法比較高級(jí)，我們?cè)趯懽髦锌梢詰?yīng)用，比tend to do要更加地道、更加書面。例如：
Perhaps because human beings have the tendency to forget that they are ultimatelyresponsible for their own lives?
可能是因?yàn)槿祟悆A向于忘記他們最終是要對(duì)他們自己的生命負(fù)責(zé)的？
4.go to quite extraordinary lengths盡一切可能。
The wise men were willing to go to any length to find the truth.
聰明人通常愿意為找到真理走任何路。
5.succinct adj. 簡(jiǎn)潔的。非常高級(jí)的近義詞還有terse，concise.
6.neurosis n. [心理] 神經(jīng)癥；神經(jīng)衰弱癥 neuro n.神經(jīng)； neurologist 神經(jīng)學(xué)家。
【譯文】遺憾的是，大多數(shù)人似乎不是聰明者。在某種程度上，人人都害怕承受痛苦，遇到問題就慌不擇路，望風(fēng)而逃。有的人不斷拖延時(shí)間，等待問題自行消失；有的人對(duì)問題視而不見，或盡量忘記它們的存在；有的人與麻醉藥和毒品為伴，想把問題排除在意識(shí)之外，換得片刻解脫。我們總是規(guī)避問題。而不是與問題正面搏擊；我們只想遠(yuǎn)離問題，卻不想www.i1766.com經(jīng)受解決聞?lì)}帶來的痛苦。 規(guī)避問題和逃避痛苦的趨向，是人類心理疾病的根源。人人都有逃避問題的傾向。因此大多數(shù)人的心理健康都存在缺陷，真正的健康者寥寥無幾。有的逃避問題者，寧可躲藏在頭腦營(yíng)造的虛幻世界里，甚至完全與現(xiàn)實(shí)脫節(jié)，這無異于作繭自縛。 心理學(xué)大師榮格更是明確地指出： “神經(jīng)官能癥，是人生痛苦常見的替代品�！�
But the substitute itself ultimately becomes more painful than the legitimate suffering it was designed to avoid. The neurosis itself becomes the biggest problem. True to form（一如既往）, many will then attempt to avoid this pain and this problem in turn, building layer upon layer of neurosis. Fortunately, however, some possess the courage to face their neuroses and begin -- usually with the help of psychotherapy（心理療法） -- to learn how to experience legitimate suffering. In any case, when we avoid the legitimate suffering that results from dealing with problems, we also avoid the growth that problems demand from us. It is for this reason that in chronic mental illness we stop growing, we become stuck. And without healing, the human spirit begins to shrivel（萎縮）.
替代品帶來的痛苦，甚至比逃避的痛苦更為強(qiáng)烈．神經(jīng)官能癥由此成了更棘手的問題。不少人為逃避新的問題和痛苦，不斷以神經(jīng)官能癥為替代品，導(dǎo)致息上各種心理疾病。所幸也有人能坦然面對(duì)神經(jīng)官能癥，及時(shí)尋求心理醫(yī)生幫助，以正確的心態(tài)面對(duì)人生正常的痛苦。事實(shí)上，如果不顧一切地逃避問題和痛苦，就會(huì)由此失去以解決問題推動(dòng)心靈成長(zhǎng)的契機(jī)，導(dǎo)致心理疾病越來越嚴(yán)重，而長(zhǎng)期的、慢性的心理疾病，就會(huì)使人的心靈停止生長(zhǎng)。不及時(shí)治療，心靈就會(huì)萎縮和退化，心智就永遠(yuǎn)難以成熟。
Therefore let us inculcate（教育） in ourselves and in our children the means of achieving mental and spiritual health. By this I mean let us teach ourselves and our children the necessity for suffering and the value thereof（由此）, the need to face problems directly and to experience the pain involved. I have stated that discipline is the basic set of tools we require to solve life's problems. It will become clear that these tools are techniques of suffering, means by which we experience the pain of problems in such a way as to work them through and solve them successfully, learning and growing in the process. When we teach ourselves and our children discipline, we are teaching them and ourselves how to suffer and also how to grow.
正確的做法是：我們要讓我們自己，也要讓我們的孩子認(rèn)識(shí)到，人生的問題和痛苦具有非凡的價(jià)值。勇于承擔(dān)責(zé)任，敢于面對(duì)困難，才能夠使心靈變得健康。自律，是解決人生問題的首要工具，也是消除人生痛苦的重要手段。通過自律，我們就知道在面對(duì)問題時(shí)，如何以堅(jiān)毅、果敢的態(tài)度，從學(xué)習(xí)與成長(zhǎng)中獲得益處。我們教育自己和孩子自律。也是在教育我們雙方如何忍受痛苦，獲得成長(zhǎng)。
What are these tools, these techniques of suffering, these means of experiencing the pain of problems constructively that I call discipline? There are four: delaying of gratification, acceptance of responsibility, dedication to truth, and balancing. As will be evident, these are not complex tools whose application demands extensive training. To the contrary, they are simple tools, and almost all children are adept in（善于） their use by the age of ten. Yet presidents and kings will often forget to use them, to their own downfall（垮臺(tái)）. The problem lies not in the complexity of these tools but in the will to use them. For they are tools with which pain is confronted rather than avoided, and if one seeks to avoid legitimate suffering, then one will avoid the use of these tools. Therefore, after analyzing each of these tools, we shall in the next section examine the will to use them, which is love.
【譯文】自律究竟包括哪些技巧呢?如何通過自律，消除人生的痛苦呢?簡(jiǎn)單地說，所謂自律，是以積極而主動(dòng)的態(tài)度，去解決人生痛苦的重要原則，主要包括四個(gè)方面：推遲滿足感、承擔(dān)責(zé)任、尊重事實(shí)、保持平衡。它們并不復(fù)雜，不過要想正確地運(yùn)用它們，你需要細(xì)心體會(huì)，廣泛實(shí)踐。它們其實(shí)相當(dāng)簡(jiǎn)單．即便是十歲的小孩，也能夠最終掌握。不過有時(shí)候，即使貴為一國(guó)之君，也會(huì)因忽略和漠視它們而遭到報(bào)復(fù)，自取滅亡。實(shí)踐這些原則，關(guān)鍵在于你的態(tài)度，你要敢于面對(duì)痛苦而非逃避。 對(duì)于時(shí)刻想著逃避痛苦的人，這些原則不會(huì)起到任何作用，他們也絕不會(huì)從自律中獲益。接下來，我要對(duì)這幾種原則深入闡述，然后再探討它們背后的原動(dòng)力??愛。
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